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<p>I hope other razdalaisarjos won't mind my prompting you a bit. Let's <br>
restore the Proto-Germanic stage for each word. This form is usually <br>
given in etymological dictionaries and is what you'll normally have <br>
to start with.<br>
<br>
1. bath < *baþan (neuter a-stem)<br>
2. wood < *wiðuz (masculine u-stem)<br>
3. dwarf < *dwergaz (masculine a-stem)<br>
4. edge < *agjô (feminine ô-stem)<br>
5. elbow < *alinô (feminine ô-stem) + *bugan- (masculine n-stem)<br>
6. owl < *uwwilôn or *uwwalôn (feminine n-stem)<br>
<br>
Note the asterisk (*) is put before all non-attested forms – that's <br>
a scholarly convention. But you don't have to necessarily mark them <br>
in a text written in Neo-Gothic, of course.<br>
<br>
OK, what do we do first? Let's start with the "bath". *baþan <br>
consists of the root baþ- + stem vowel –a- (that's why it is called <br>
a-stem) + Proto-Germ. neuter ending –n. This ending had been dropped <br>
before Gothic started to be written, so just take it away and don't <br>
care about it. The rest so far is *baþa. The next step is to remove <br>
the second –a, because in nominative singular (this is the <br>
grammatical form of nouns to be reconstructed) Gothic a-stems had <br>
dropped its stem vowel too. Our result is *baþ, and that's the <br>
correct Gothic reconstruction.<br>
<br>
Now, the "dwarf". You should know that the short [e] (like in PG <br>
*dwergaz) is written as aí (or ai) in the Wulfilan script. So, our <br>
root is *dwaírg-. What's with the ending? Is it also dropped? No, <br>
not all of it. The –a- disappears, that's right, but the final Proto-<br>
Germ. –z does not. It just gets voiceless [s]. So, the correct <br>
reconstruction is *dwaírgs.<br>
<br>
Why did we drop PG –an totally and kept –s from PG –az? Well, <br>
that's what did happen in Gothic. Hence the rule: in nominative <br>
singular Gothic neuter a-stems have no ending, only the root, and <br>
masculine a-stems have the ending –s.<br>
<br>
Let's make one more step. In the list of words you have to deal with <br>
there are also masculine u-stems. What happens with them? The stem <br>
vowel –u- stays, unlike the –a- in a-stems, and the final –z gets –s <br>
again. So, now you know what the Gothic form of PG *wiðuz looks <br>
like, don't you? Note that [ð] is written as -d- in the Gothic <br>
script.<br>
<br>
Feminine ô-stems (those which end in –ô) in Gothic end in –a. <br>
Masculine n-stems end in –a too (because the final –n- disappears), <br>
although this is coincidential and in nominative singular only. <br>
Feminine n-stems drop the final –n- and end in plain –o.<br>
<br>
I'm afraid I said much. Too much, that is. Hope Llama will not damn <br>
me for destroying his plan...<br>
<br>
--- In <a href="mailto:gothic-l%40yahoogroups.com">gothic-l@yahoogroup<wbr>s.com</a>, Justïn <justinelf@> wrote:<br>
> <br>
> <br>
> Would dwarf be dwers? I'm not sure but it seems like the -e- <br>
should<br>
> undergo some kind of vowel change...I'm just having a hard time<br>
> figuring it out with the grammar.<br>
<br>
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