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<p>--- In <a href="mailto:gothic-l%40yahoogroups.com">gothic-l@yahoogroup<wbr>s.com</a>, "Fredrik" <gadrauhts@.<wbr>..> wrote:<br>
><br>
<br>
> > > 1. skjöld "shield" (the Gothic cogante is recorded in Eph 6:16)<br>
> <br>
> I actually wrote this wrong. it should be 'sköld'. Why? I don't know,<br>
> coz the more correct form should be skjöld I think, since old swedish<br>
> has skiolder<br>
<br>
= Old Icelandic 'skjöldr' < PG *'skelduz' > Go. 'skildus'.<br>
<br>
> > > 2. örn "eagle"<br>
> <br>
> isn't this form (beside icel. ari) just a "wrong" form just as björn<br>
> with the n added to the stem and made a u-stem with u-umlaut?<br>
> (maybe arnuR)<br>
<br>
...which would give us Gothic *'arnus' < PG *'arnuz'. There's an Old<br>
English cognate too: 'earn'. For the attested Gothic word, 'ara', see<br>
Luke 17:37 'qeþun du imma: hvar, frauja? iþ is qaþ im: þarei leik,<br>
jaindre galisand sik arans' "they said to him: where lord? and he said<br>
to them: wherever there is a body, there eagles will gather".<br>
<br>
> > > 3. flyga "to fly"<br>
> <br>
> how is it about initial f infront of l,does it become th in gothic?<br>
> i think i've seen forms such as thliuhan for flee/escape<br>
<br>
Yes, 'þliuhan' is right. JRR Tolkien reconstructed the verb for "to<br>
fly" as *fliugan in his poem Bagme Bloma. But in all but one of the<br>
recorded examples, initial 'fl' is followed by a vowel + a consonant<br>
cluster containing a dental. If that's significant, the change 'fl' ><br>
'þl' could be explained as a dissimilative blocking of the otherwise<br>
general assimilation of 'f' to dental 'l'. On the other hand, initial<br>
'þl' is always followed by a vowel + what was--in Proto-Germanic, at<br>
least--a velar consonant. Or maybe one or both of those facts is a<br>
coincidence. Some scholars have suggested that the 'fl' and 'þl' forms<br>
were borrowings from different dialects of Gothic, others have<br>
explained it in terms of "lexical diffusion" (a sound change in<br>
progress, or which affected some more common words, but didn't get as<br>
far as influencing other rarer words). For the reasons above, if I had<br>
to guess, I'd go with *'þliugan' "to fly".<br>
<br>
> > > 4. tugga "to chew"<br>
<br>
*'tuggwon'.<br>
<br>
> > > 5. sätta "set, put" (the Gothic cognate of this is recorded)<br>
<br>
Very common verb this: 'satjan'.<br>
<br>
> > > 6. däggdjur "mammal"<br>
> <br>
> i've (ofcoz) tried to make such a word in gothic based on this swedish<br>
> word. djur (animal) is ofcoz dius and the word (verb) dägga which<br>
> isn't as common as dia ar cognate with pgmc dajjan isn't it?<br>
<br>
The complication here is knowing how to make the compound. The Gothic<br>
verb is 'daddjan' "to suckle", so maybe *'daddi-dius'<wbr>? That's<br>
supposing we can treat the verb as ja- and jo-stem nouns are treated<br>
when they form the first element of compounds. I'm not sure if there<br>
are any examples of this with a Weak Class 1 verb though.<br>
<br>
> > > 7. ost "cheese"<br>
> <br>
> we have discussed this earlier so the answer can be found somewhere<br>
> around here<br>
<br>
PG *'justaz' > Go. *'justs.<br>
<br>
> > > 8. hänga "to hang" (the Gothic cognate for the strong verb is<br>
> > recorded with both transitive and intransitive senses)<br>
> <br>
> since hänga can have two meanings i guess it would be translated in<br>
> gothic to hahan and hahjan (is these correct)<br>
> <br>
> <br>
> is this a special gothic thing to have h for ng in words such as hahan<br>
> for expected hangan and huhrus for hungrus?<br>
<br>
According to Verner's Law, Weak Class 1 verbs ought to have the voiced<br>
form of the medial consonant(s)<wbr>, so the etymologically "correct" form<br>
would be *'hangjan', but Gothic tends to replace forms like this with<br>
forms that have the voiceless consonant by analogy with the related<br>
strong verbs: 'ur-raisjan' : 'ur-reisan', etc. So, on that basis, we<br>
ought to have *'hahjan'--except that the strong (reduplicative) verb<br>
'hahan' is used both transitively (J 10:24) and intransitively (L<br>
19:48), which makes me think that maybe the weak verb isn't recorded<br>
because Goths didn't use it. In other words, they seem to have used<br>
the same form for both transitive and intransitive meanings, just like<br>
Modern Swedish, except that the Goths they used their version of the<br>
old strong verb.<br>
<br>
Congratulations on Message 10 000!<br>
<br>
LN<br>
<br>
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