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<p>--- In <a href="mailto:gothic-l%40yahoogroups.com">gothic-l@yahoogroup<wbr>s.com</a>, "ualarauans" <ualarauans@<wbr>...> wrote:<br>
<br>
> 1. Early morning I take a bath<br>
<br>
[...]<br>
<br>
> Don't use the <br>
> pronoun (it's the same as e.g. in Spanish). That is, "I take" <br>
> is 'nima' (from 'niman' "to take").<br>
<br>
Or maybe better to reconstruct a hypothetical cognate of Modern<br>
English 'bathe' and say literally "I bathe myself"? OE. bažian, ON.<br>
baša, OHG. badōn, bathōn, Mod.G. baden, Du. baden would give us in<br>
Gothic a Weak Class 2 verb, *bažon, with which you'd use the reflexive<br>
pronoun for the object (as in Icelandic: ég baša mig), thus Gothic:<br>
air uhtwon bažo mik. The reflexive pronoun is typically placed<br>
directly after the verb in this sort of context. We can tell this<br>
because Gothic often uses a verb + reflexive pronoun to translate<br>
Greek middle voice verbs, so in this instance the Gothic translation<br>
isn't being influenced by the Greek word order.<br>
<br>
It's not actually incorrect to use the pronoun 'ik nima', 'ik *bažo<br>
mik', just (as in Spanish) more emphatic probably than it would be in<br>
English. But it's hard to be sure of natural Gothic syntax because the<br>
main surviving text is a vey literal translation from Greek, so it<br>
tends to use pronouns most of the time only where the Greek has a<br>
pronoun. There are a few examples where pronouns are used in the<br>
Gothic where they aren't in the Greek though (and it's much rarer for<br>
pronouns to appear in the closest Greek versions where they're absent<br>
in the Gothic), which all seems to suggest that pronouns where more<br>
likely to be used in Gothic than in New Testament Greek. There's also<br>
a tendency been observed by Gisella Farraresi whereby examples of<br>
Gothic subject pronouns in subordinate clauses that appear where the<br>
Greek has none occur when there is a chance of subject between the<br>
main clause and the subordinate clause. Again this suggests that the<br>
difference between Gothic and Greek texts is due to more than chance<br>
and probably can't be accounted for entirely by accidents in the<br>
transmission of the text. That said, there are great uncertainties<br>
over just how much subject pronouns would have been used in natural<br>
Gothic. Perhaps less than Old English, given the fact that Old English<br>
literal Bible glosses such as the Lindesfarne Gospels do feel the need<br>
to insert pronouns regularly in contrast to their Latin originals.<br>
<br>
LN<br>
<br>
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