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<p>--- In <a href="mailto:gothic-l%40yahoogroups.com">gothic-l@yahoogroup<wbr>s.com</a>, "Fredrik" <gadrauhts@.<wbr>..> wrote:<br>
><br>
> So a greeting such as 'Hails allaim' would instead be 'Hailos <br>
> allai' ??<br>
<br>
Depends on the gender. 'alls' ought to be nominative, and it should<br>
agree with 'hails'. If you're addressing males, 'hailai (allai)',<br>
females 'hailos (allos)'; if you're addressing more than one person<br>
and that includes male and female individuals (especially a couple or<br>
just a small number), you can use neuter 'haila alla'. This seems like<br>
a good idea for modern reinvented Gothic as a default where you don't<br>
know who the (plural) audience includes. Judging by the Gothic Bible,<br>
it might also have been possible to use masculine plural as a default<br>
where the audience included female members, which ties in with the<br>
fact that the feminine gender is more grammatically marked in old<br>
Indo-European languages generally; in Old Norse, for example (as in<br>
Gothic and Greek), the masculine pronouns are used in the singular in<br>
an indefinite context where no particular individual is being<br>
mentioned: 'sahvazuh saei' "whoever".<br>
<br>
Where a particular noun is expressed, that will usually determine the<br>
gender of the adjectives, thus we could reconstruct: 'hailos allos<br>
žiudos' "hail all peoples/nations" (feminine plural); 'haila alla<br>
žiuda' "hail all people / the whole people" (feminine singular); haila<br>
alla manasež(s) "...all mankind" (feminine singular, without 's' in<br>
the vocative, but in the two examples of 'hails' used as a greeting in<br>
the Gothic Bible, one has nominative and one vocative, both in<br>
agreement with the Greek on that score); 'hails alls<br>
fairhvu(s)/fairhvau<wbr>' "hail to the whole world" (fairhvau being an<br>
alternative form of the vocative here, rather than dative); 'hail<br>
all(ata) *fulk' "...all people" (neuter singukar); 'haila guda' "hail<br>
ye gods" (neuter plural). I'm assuming the long form of the neuter<br>
-ata wouldn't be used with 'hail' in this context since the rule is<br>
that it can only be added, optionally, where the adjective is used<br>
attributively, not where the adjective is used predicatively.<br>
<br>
Lama Nom<br>
<br>
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