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<p>Abstract. <br>
Near Cluj-Napoca, in a well known antic site, a seal with a cross was <br>
found in a gepidic tomb.The exhibition is very recent. This is <br>
related to the Getic logo on antic coins. Moreover the site <br>
corresponds to the description of old Dacian Sarmizegetusa. This <br>
supports the statement of Jordanes that Gots and Gets are the same kin<br>
(rulers). This also suggests that a better model for the incoming of <br>
Gepids in Transylvania is reconsidering the hypothesis by Gibbon on <br>
historical Odin: a better fit is given by the king Duras of Dacia <br>
which left the kingdom of Dacia to Decebalus in 87AD.<br>
<br>
The need for the guess of an east germanic tribe to explain <br>
historical events is eliminated. Only rulers, feuds and wars, but <br>
no "migration" as incoming data. The direction is two-wards.<br>
<br>
The global interpretation of the data in the National Museum of <br>
History of Transylvania along with the pictures on the Trajan's <br>
column supports the interpretation that the religion of the Dacians <br>
(and threfore Gets) was Mithraic.<br>
<br>
1. Getas Basileis<br>
1a. Sarmizegetusa. More at <a href="http://download.academic.ro/Vlaha/index.htm">http://download.<wbr>academic.<wbr>ro/Vlaha/<wbr>index.htm</a><br>
<br>
We try to bring to life the significance of such words as "sighet" -<br>
engl. creek and sarmas-salted water which apparently enter in the <br>
name of Sarmizegetusa, the alleged capital of the last Dacian king <br>
Decebalus.<br>
These words remained through time in the language of the shepherds <br>
and remained intact as basic geographic notions, a matter of life and <br>
death for these people.<br>
Sarmis denotes the 4 Somes rivers in Transylvania: the Grand, Small, <br>
Warm and Cold. Moreover Särmas is a<br>
frequent village name.<br>
<br>
Sarmas means salted water. It is very frequent since Transylvania is <br>
the bottom of the sarmatic sea.<br>
<br>
We have today: Saliste,Sarata, Saratura, Saratel, Sarateni, Sarile, <br>
Sarmas (5), Sarmasel, Sarmasag. <br>
We have not found (yet) Sargetel and Sarmagel or Sarmagata (look at <br>
Trajan's Sargetia). <br>
Sarmatau is impossible, since 'tau' denotes a source of flowing <br>
water. <br>
Therefore, Sarmis should be a small river, passing near a salt <br>
deposit; Sargetia (sargātza-in today Romanian), a small river near <br>
the citadell (where the treasure was hidden) may be found, but not a <br>
creek of 2 salted rivers. Perhaps they meant the Somes but the <br>
combination Somesseged didn't sound enough triumphalistic.<br>
<br>
Let us continue with the sighet word. It denotes a confluence:<br>
<br>
Szeged in Hungary- confluence of Mures and Tisa<br>
Sighisoara (small confluence) Tarnava Mica and Shes<br>
Sighetu Marmatiei Tisa and Iza<br>
Sighetu Silvaniei (near Zalau) Crasna and Zalau<br>
Sighii (plural, called SIBIU on maps- an incompetent alteration of <br>
the original romanian name), many<br>
afluents of the Cibin River<br>
<br>
We get the word SIGHET in dacian, suggesting that today romanian is <br>
actually the same old dacian.<br>
Therefore, we have 3 hypothesis for the confluence of then two <br>
Sarmis/Somes :<br>
- Near DEJ (confluence of Grand Somes/Sarmis with Small Somes/Sarmis)<wbr>.<br>
We know that Trajan destroyed the Dacian citadel and build a Roman <br>
Castrum. No convincing traces were found there however.<br>
<br>
- Confluence of Warm Somes with Cold Somes at Gilau. <br>
One also has a smaller river passing by, called today Sarata which <br>
may be the antic Sargetia where Decebal hided his treasure. It is <br>
well in the mountains. <br>
There is an old stone fortress there, called "Cetatea Fetei" - <br>
uninvestigated archeologically perhaps assigned to another Romanian <br>
hero, Voievod Gelou, beatten by hungarians in 895. However, there is <br>
a Roman castrum founded in 106 AD by Trajan there.<br>
The nearby village Vlaha suggests a matrix of old Transylvanian <br>
voyevodate.<br>
<br>
At Dabāca, at 30 km away of both Cluj-Napoca and Gilau another <br>
fortress, also assigned to Gelou may be found. We mention that in <br>
Transylvania (family) names are formed starting with the village of <br>
origin while surnames are given. Thus, Ioan Giloan is John from Gilau <br>
and Ioan Calborean is John from Calbor. Thus Gelou may be the family <br>
name of the IX-th century hero. BUT, for Dabāca, the name of the <br>
natives is formed as Däbalä. Thus we get the origin of the name of <br>
the last Dacian King and his village, which ressembles to Decebalus.<br>
<br>
I encountered such a contraction of sounds personally: Gordes from <br>
Gheorghies, because the special group Ghe (or Dece in our case) is <br>
negligently pronounced. This also explains the origin of the dacians <br>
people name.<br>
<br>
When Decebalus lost the fortress, he left, but was captured by Romans <br>
at 60 km away at Porolissum, i.e Moigrad today. This would'nt be <br>
possible with the Roman army at Hunedoara at 300 km away.<br>
Therefore we believe having indicated the proper location of <br>
Decebal's last fight.<br>
<br>
Dabāca always had an important administrative role, including in the <br>
middle ages, when it was center of a comitate (county). While the <br>
antic water pipe is still functioning today, there is no Somes-Sighet <br>
there and no salted water. It might be the village of origin of <br>
Decebalus. (i.e. both Decebalus and Gelou mastered both Gilau and <br>
Däbāca citadels, separated by 30km).<br>
<br>
Thus everything happened near Cluj-Napoca, which is a very populated <br>
area. Chances to find huge treasuries or artefacts are scarce.<br>
However, the History Museum there may supply lot of encouraging <br>
evidence.<br>
<br>
b. In previous posts I showed that Jordannes "Galtis on Aucha" <br>
(Aluta) corresponds to Galati, near Fagaras and that Flautasis <br>
(Raftsmen) corresponds to the Bistritza/Cogeanus south border of <br>
Moldavia before 1500. Galtis in the antic acception (e.g. in Sapain) <br>
should be taken as betten earth citadel.<br>
<br>
c. In sept 2006, a fabulous site was discovered in Floresti, near <br>
Cluj-Napoca, Romania. A few month before that I have published that <br>
the location (see 1a above) corresponds to the same site.<br>
The exhibition of the artefacts shows a seal with a cross which <br>
undoubtely means the seal of the Gets, according to poorly documented <br>
antic coins which bear the same logo and the label "Getas ... <br>
Basileis". These coins were also found in Babylon, also in agreement <br>
with Jordannes on the wars with Ramses (lost reference-volunteer <br>
needed):<br>
- seal:<a href="http://download.academic.ro/columna/polus/Sigiliu.gif">http://download.<wbr>academic.<wbr>ro/columna/<wbr>polus/Sigiliu.<wbr>gif</a><br>
- back of seal:<a href="http://download.academic.ro/columna/polus/Pistil.gif">http://download.<wbr>academic.<wbr>ro/columna/<wbr>polus/Pistil.<wbr>gif</a><br>
- coin: <a href="http://download.academic.ro/columna/polus/moneda.gif">http://download.<wbr>academic.<wbr>ro/columna/<wbr>polus/moneda.<wbr>gif</a><br>
<br>
Nearby, the largest gepid necropola (500 tombs), the antic Napoca, <br>
attested former gepid royal residences. See also Erdely Tortenete<br>
(<a href="http://mek.oszk.hu/02100/02109/html/17.html">http://mek.oszk.<wbr>hu/02100/<wbr>02109/html/<wbr>17.html</a> - the english version is <br>
incomplete: Mihacs garden denotes the garden of the local landlord, <br>
10 km upstream).<br>
<br>
2.d. Orhodoxian christian canonic representation of "Christ as a <br>
judge" consists in Christ dressed with a robe painted with crosses in <br>
circles or squares. I suggest this is a canonic posture for a ruling <br>
Voievoda (Basileus)-not Zeus on coins.<br>
<br>
2.Historical Odin revisited<br>
<br>
2.a. Vlahii Sarmatae are a people appearing in north Transylvania on <br>
the Tabula Peutingeriana. Also the prince of Vlachs appears in <br>
Niebelungen Lied. A hill(stone) near Cluj Napoca bears the name of <br>
Feleak (closer to the sanskrit Valaka). The meaning of Vlaha/ ValaKa <br>
is a diminutive for valley and is not quite unique to the Cluj Napoca <br>
surroundins, but fits with Valaskialf of Woden who is supposed to be <br>
a king not a shepherd.<br>
In Romanian, Woda (see Wodan) comes from Voie-va-da(u)<wbr>(I allow you <br>
to ...)- meaning judge or ruler. Not slavian warrior. The slavs <br>
(Carintia) had Voievoda as rulers/Judges not as warriors ! <br>
<br>
2.b. Duru(yielding Duras), from "a durui" means thunder/make thunder <br>
noise in Romanian, e.g. Duruitoare=water fall, etc. This fits the <br>
war name of Wodan, Thor.<br>
<br>
2.c. Wodan appears in Denmark after 88AD whiled Duras leaves Dacia <br>
in 87 AD, after beating Fuscus, an event marked in Jordannes. Since a <br>
hiatus appears among the rulers, north and south Alutus (today Olt) <br>
it is normal to have a Jordannes ignoring the northen kingdom <br>
conquered by the Romans.<br>
<br>
2.d. Transylvania (Dacia), similarly to Denmark is the only kingdom <br>
where the people is called scithians (siculy >>>seklars today), <br>
dacians and gets altogether along with RUNES. <br>
<br>
2.e. The elder futark rune42. Järsberg Stone (1st half of the 6th <br>
century)<br>
"C1: /// ubaR hite: harabanaR<br>
C2: hait ///<br>
C3: ek erilaR<br>
C4: runoR w<br>
C5: aritu"<br>
<br>
contains the word "harabanaR". This may be taken as today's <br>
Romanian "Darabantz"- eagle. The Presidential Guard in Romania is <br>
called today "1. Darabanti" - with the secondary sense of <br>
heroes: "800000 dorabantz fell for the union of Romania in WWI".<br>
<br>
Along with this one, many other elder futark runes contain the <br>
invocation "haide" (let's ... (do something) in Romanian).<br>
<br>
2.d. It is believed that Transylvania comes from hungarian Erdely. <br>
However the today name of Transylvania, as kept by Romanians is <br>
ARGHEAL (currently Ardeal, as Sibiu for Sighiu and yielding erdely). <br>
There are many toponimics in Transylvania with arg: Argheal, Arghies, <br>
Aghires, Agarbiciu, Arghies(Ariesh)<wbr>. In romanic languages it means <br>
silver, but the toponimics match better the sanskrit description of <br>
divine or sweet.<br>
Therefore I advance the hypothesis that the tradition assigned to <br>
Odin of naming Sweden after his country shoud mean sweet or divine.<br>
<br>
2.e. This origin of Odin explains the interest of its inheritors for <br>
the "gepidic" kingdom-Transylvani<wbr>a- and the joke mentioned by <br>
Jordannes which only has meaning in Romanian ("what the heck").<br>
<br>
2f. The first mention of a "voloke"(see 2a) tribe in 168AD appers <br>
also in Erdely Tortenete as "victovoloke"<wbr>. The "east germanic" <br>
attribute deduced by the authors is ignored in this paper and should <br>
be regarded as doubtfull and far fetched.<br>
<br>
2.g. A review of the sagas reveals mistic aspects of Mithraic origin <br>
(the serpent) which also appears in Etruscan and Dacian artefacts.<br>
I charge that "Draco" (the Dacian Flag, Dracia>>Dacia, Drakkar for <br>
viking ships) means Nidhog, actually-the devil, the underground worm <br>
of death.<br>
<br>
2.h. I deduce that Vareg might mean "Varec", little cousin.<br>
<br>
2.g. There is a Vlaherne quarter in Constantinopole from antic times. <br>
Tradition says it was founded by a Voievoda. There is a Voievoda road <br>
in Constantinopole(<wbr>today Istanbul).<br>
<br>
Discussion and conclusions<br>
<br>
1. Data in Jordannes is rather accurate, yielding a fabulous <br>
contribution to the history of Dacia and Romania. <br>
2. Skilled Romanian language is also required to back substitute <br>
antic Greek and Latin references.<br>
3. As a concept,"Gothic" should represent a language spoken in the <br>
west, rulers and personel, and may be German not Romanian. The <br>
migration hypothesis is not neccessary, just adjustment of <br>
the "historical Odin" issue. Gracious thanks to Prof. Nordgren for <br>
his implicit suggestion. <br>
4. I stress that antic and feudal rules speak what language they <br>
pleased, bought whatever jewelry they liked and therefore no <br>
conclusion may be dram as to the 'national language' of the <br>
inhabitants of the feud, BUT for toponimics.<br>
5. A semantic difference may appear between the house of Odin-Goths <br>
on one side and the local families-Gets, the difference beeing <br>
obscure apart at the level of ruling families and does not apply to <br>
commons.My guess is that Vulfilla may have or not visited Romania, <br>
but he did preach to rulers not Romanian shepherds(whatever their <br>
mother tongue).<br>
5. Romanians do not call themselves as Gets or Vlachs; this supports <br>
my previous statement that "get" means of clear ancestry (OK for <br>
gentry) and Vlach and derivatives a feud.-I put it in Cluj, yielding <br>
later the Gelu's Voievodate and later the Doboka(Decebalus fief)-<br>
Solnok duchy.<br>
<br>
REFERENCES<br>
-Volunteers needed. The list is too long for a post.<br>
(c) D. Ciurchea 2008<br>
<br>
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font-family: Georgia;
}
#ygrp-text p{
margin: 0 0 1em 0;
}
#ygrp-tpmsgs{
font-family: Arial;
clear: both;
}
#ygrp-vitnav{
padding-top: 10px;
font-family: Verdana;
font-size: 77%;
margin: 0;
}
#ygrp-vitnav a{
padding: 0 1px;
}
#ygrp-actbar{
clear: both;
margin: 25px 0;
white-space:nowrap;
color: #666;
text-align: right;
}
#ygrp-actbar .left{
float: left;
white-space:nowrap;
}
.bld{font-weight:bold;}
#ygrp-grft{
font-family: Verdana;
font-size: 77%;
padding: 15px 0;
}
#ygrp-ft{
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 77%;
border-top: 1px solid #666;
padding: 5px 0;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg #logo{
padding-bottom: 10px;
}
#ygrp-vital{
background-color: #e0ecee;
margin-bottom: 20px;
padding: 2px 0 8px 8px;
}
#ygrp-vital #vithd{
font-size: 77%;
font-family: Verdana;
font-weight: bold;
color: #333;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
#ygrp-vital ul{
padding: 0;
margin: 2px 0;
}
#ygrp-vital ul li{
list-style-type: none;
clear: both;
border: 1px solid #e0ecee;
}
#ygrp-vital ul li .ct{
font-weight: bold;
color: #ff7900;
float: right;
width: 2em;
text-align:right;
padding-right: .5em;
}
#ygrp-vital ul li .cat{
font-weight: bold;
}
#ygrp-vital a{
text-decoration: none;
}
#ygrp-vital a:hover{
text-decoration: underline;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #hd{
color: #999;
font-size: 77%;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov{
padding: 6px 13px;
background-color: #e0ecee;
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov ul{
padding: 0 0 0 8px;
margin: 0;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov li{
list-style-type: square;
padding: 6px 0;
font-size: 77%;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov li a{
text-decoration: none;
font-size: 130%;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #nc{
background-color: #eee;
margin-bottom: 20px;
padding: 0 8px;
}
#ygrp-sponsor .ad{
padding: 8px 0;
}
#ygrp-sponsor .ad #hd1{
font-family: Arial;
font-weight: bold;
color: #628c2a;
font-size: 100%;
line-height: 122%;
}
#ygrp-sponsor .ad a{
text-decoration: none;
}
#ygrp-sponsor .ad a:hover{
text-decoration: underline;
}
#ygrp-sponsor .ad p{
margin: 0;
}
o{font-size: 0; }
.MsoNormal{
margin: 0 0 0 0;
}
#ygrp-text tt{
font-size: 120%;
}
blockquote{margin: 0 0 0 4px;}
.replbq{margin:4}
-->
</style>
</head>
<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEnd|**|-~-->
</html><!--End group email -->