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<p><br>
Following on from these threads...<br>
<br>
<a href="http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/gothic-l/message/8784">http://tech.<wbr>groups.yahoo.<wbr>com/group/<wbr>gothic-l/<wbr>message/8784</a><br>
<a href="http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/gothic-l/message/8810">http://tech.<wbr>groups.yahoo.<wbr>com/group/<wbr>gothic-l/<wbr>message/8810</a><br>
<br>
...I came across another hypothesis from Kemp Malone.<br>
<br>
Kemp Malone (1933). `The suffix of appurtenance in "Widsith"' The<br>
Modern Language Review 28:3, pp. 315-325. [<br>
<a href="http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-7937%28193307%2928%3A3%3C315%3ATSOAI%22%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P">http://links.<wbr>jstor.org/<wbr>sici?sici=<wbr>0026-7937%<wbr>28193307%<wbr>2928%3A3%<wbr>3C315%3ATSOAI%<wbr>22%3E2.0.<wbr>CO%3B2-P</a><br>
].<br>
<br>
He cites the following forms attested in Latin and Greek:<br>
<br>
Gibedae, Gibedi, Gibites, Gibidi.<br>
Gipidae, Gipides, Gipedes, Gippidos, Gippedi.<br>
Gepidae (Gepidas), Gepidi, Gebidae (Gebidas), Gebidi, Gebedi, Gebeti.<br>
Gebodi.<br>
GHPAIDES (Greek)<br>
<br>
(There's also Gypidas, Gyppidos and Gibidos manuscripts of the 'Origo<br>
gentis Langobardorum'<wbr>. Grimm notes that the Greek forms are<br>
assimilated to the Greek word PAIS, thus: GHPAIDES, GHPAIDWN, GHPAISI,<br>
GHPAIS. And regarding the possibility that eta stands for East<br>
Germanic [i], compare Priscus's spelling ATTELA, and the discussion in<br>
one of those earlier threads about the raising of eta from Classical<br>
Greek [E:] to [i].)<br>
<br>
The name of the people is attested twice in an early Germanic<br>
language, namely Old English, each time in the dative plural: Gefðum<br>
(Wídsíþ), Gifðum (Béowulf).<br>
<br>
Malone's iggestion is that the name was formed from a Germanic root<br>
'gaim', 'gîm', 'gim' found in Icelandic 'geimi' "sea" (Modern<br>
Icelandic 'geimur' "big empty space; outer space") and 'gíma' "wide<br>
opening; strip of clear sky". He points to place-names with the suffix<br>
-and, such as Agand (whose inhabitants were the Old Norse 'Egðir') and<br>
Verand (whence Old Norse 'Virðar'). He proseses that the 'm' of the<br>
root was changed to 'f' to dissimilate it from the following nasal of<br>
'and'--compare Old English 'heofon' : Old Norse 'himinn', Gothic<br>
'himins'--and that the name of the people was formed from the root by<br>
replacing the regional suffix 'and' with an ethnic suffix (suffix of<br>
appurtenance) which consisted of a dental consonant-stem. This suffix<br>
is attested in the names of several tribes and contains one of the<br>
Proto-Germanic short unstressed vowels 'a', 'i', 'u' or no vowel at<br>
all, the nil-grade.<br>
<br>
Malone argues that the region and tribe took their name from a word<br>
for "bay", a wide opening of water, this being a reference to their<br>
old homeland: "No better example of a bay wide open on the seaward<br>
side could be found that the 'Danziger Bucht', on the shores of which<br>
the Gibids had their home."<br>
<br>
The variation in the root vowel in the Old English forms could be<br>
explained by paradogmatic levelling ('i' and 'e' each being<br>
appropriate to different parts of the consonant-stem paradigm), or to<br>
later (West Saxon) palatal mutation by the preceding 'g' = [j]. Malone<br>
doubts that the variation between 'e' and 'i' in the Latin and Greek<br>
forms is significant to the East Germanic pronunciation. He<br>
reconstructs *Gibid- for the people and *Geband for the region. He<br>
explains the form Gebodi as containing the 'u' grade of the suffixal<br>
vowel. The Old English forms have an un-Vernerised /þ/ rather than<br>
/d/, as is appropriate to a form with the nil-grade (with the stress<br>
on the root).<br>
<br>
Malone also discusses Jordanes etymology 'gepanta', which he takes to<br>
be a punning term of abuse, a folk etymology: "We are told by Jordanes<br>
himself that 'gepanta' "pigra" is a Gibidic word. And its 'e' for 'i'<br>
and 't' for 'd' would have been enough to show that it has no place in<br>
the Gothic of Wulfila." He suggests that the 't' could have come from<br>
devoicing of 'd' before the 's' of the nominative masculine singular<br>
in the strong form of the present participle, *gepand + s = *gepants,<br>
the resulting 't' then having spread by analogy to the rest of the<br>
paradigm. He keeps an open mind about the gender of the word, but<br>
notes that if it had been a specifically feminine form, this would<br>
have "added greatly to the 'convicium'" (slander) for Goths applying<br>
the term to Gepid men.<br>
<br>
LN<br>
<br>
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