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<p><br>
>> Accusative is used for an extent/stretch/<wbr>period/duration of time:<br>
>><br>
>> Allana wintru bruts huliþs was.<br>
>> ...brutilo hulida was.<br>
<br>
>Good, i didn't know. so that's some kind of implicit 'during' meaning<br>
using accusative?<br>
<br>
Yes. For example:<br>
<br>
Romans 10:21<br>
A [...] allana dag usbraidida þos handuns meinos [...]<br>
— [...] all day long I have reached out my hands [...]<br>
<br>
Corinthians I 16:6<br>
B + A iþ at izwis waitei salja aiþþau jah wintru wisa, [...]<br>
— and maybe I'll lodge with you, or even stay the winter, [...]<br>
<br>
>> > Hva ist þata niujô, þatei taíriþ jah spraggeiþ?<br>
>><br>
>> Hva ist þata niujo, þatei disskreitiþ jah distairiþ?<br>
>><br>
>> 'disskreitan' is used in the Gothic Bible for "tear" (clothes), and<br>
>> 'distairan' for (cause to) burst (wine-bags which burst from<br>
>> fermenting wine).<br>
>><br>
<br>
> isn't the simple form tairan attested?<br>
<br>
Not as far as I know. Streitberg has no entry for the simplex, only<br>
'dis-tairan' and 'ga-tairan' [<br>
<a href="http://www.wulfila.be/lib/streitberg/1910/HTML/B137.html">http://www.wulfila.<wbr>be/lib/streitber<wbr>g/1910/HTML/<wbr>B137.html</a> ].<br>
<br>
> what about spraggjan, is that attested somewhere?<br>
<br>
No.<br>
<br>
> I'd like to make a difference between swedish 'ja'<br>
and 'ja visst'.<br>
<br>
For Go. 'ja', Streitberg has German "ja"; for Go. 'jai', "ja,<br>
wahrlich, fürwahr" [<br>
<a href="http://www.wulfila.be/lib/streitberg/1910/html/B071.html">http://www.wulfila.<wbr>be/lib/streitber<wbr>g/1910/html/<wbr>B071.html</a> ]. So I think<br>
'jai' could well be emphatic enough, in comparison to the unemphatic 'ja'.<br>
<br>
'jai' can also be an emphatic sign of the vocative: 'jai manna' W ANQRWPE.<br>
<br>
'þannu (nu)', like 'nu' on its own, means something like "so" or<br>
"therefore" or "...then". It's used to suggest that what is being said<br>
now follows on logically or naturally from what has already been said.<br>
In Romans 9:20 'þannu nu' translates Gk. MENOUNGE "no but", "but ...<br>
indeed", or something like that [<br>
<a href="http://www.searchgodsword.org/lex/grk/view.cgi?number=3304">http://www.searchgo<wbr>dsword.org/<wbr>lex/grk/view.<wbr>cgi?number=<wbr>3304</a> ].<br>
<br>
Romans 9:20<br>
þannu nu jai manna, þu hvas is ei andwaurdjai guda<br>
= W ANQRWPE, MENOUNGE SU TIS EI hO ANTAPOKRINOMENOS TWi QEWi<br>
"no but, oh man, who are you to answer back to GOd?"<br>
"but who, then (in that case), are you, oh man [...]?"<br>
<br>
In Romans 9:18, the 'jai' doesn't seem to correspond to anything in<br>
the Greek, and has probably been added accidentally by a copyist, some<br>
time in the history of the text, who got this line slightly mixed up<br>
with verse 20 (Friedrichsen 1939: The Gothic Version of the Epistles,<br>
pp. 83, 244).<br>
<br>
Romans 9:18<br>
þannu nu jai þanei wili armaiþ = ARA OUN hON QELEI ELEEI<br>
therefore he shows mercy to the one he wishes<br>
so he takes pity on the one he want to (take pity on)<br>
<br>
>> > Aglus wisan unwiss, faurhts jah skaidans,<br>
>><br>
>> Again, I'd use neuter, "it is hard": 'Aglu unwiss wisan, jah faurhts<br>
>> jah skaidans,'<br>
>><br>
<br>
> is it necessary to use jah so many times? in swedish it should be<br>
enough to use it as i did, i.e. not befor faurht but bnefore skaidans.<br>
<br>
I don't know for sure the answer to this. We could maybe look at lists<br>
of nouns in the Gothic Bible (although these will probably all imitate<br>
the Greek original) and in Old Norse, Old English, Old Saxon and Old<br>
High German. That pattern A, B and C had a modern feel to me. A<br>
couple of Old Norse examples:<br>
<br>
tamdist hún meir við skot ok skjöld ok sverð en við sauma eða borða<br>
"she practiced more with shot and shield and sword than with sewing or<br>
embroidery" (But in English you could say "shot, shield and sword".)<br>
<br>
hann var bæði mikill ok sterkr ok inn mesti garpr<br>
"he was both big and strong and the greatest of heroes"<br>
<br>
Old Norse sagas also sometimes list nouns in pairs like this: A and B,<br>
C and D.<br>
<br>
Hún var langleit ok harðleit, bjúgnefjuð ok baröxluð, svartleit ok<br>
svipilkinnuð, fúlleit ok framsnoðin.<br>
"She was long-faced and hard-faced, hook-nosed and had hunched up<br>
shoulders, black-faced and wobbly-jowled, filthy-faced and bald at the<br>
front."<br>
<br>
More later...<br>
<br>
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