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<p>Herewith, something of a ragbag of what I am able to contribute to <br>
answering questions raised in recent posts.<br>
<br>
About the interpretation of the "hail" constructions attested in Gothic: I <br>
would take "thiudan" to be vocative (o King) in<br>
<br>
Hails thiudan - [be] hale o King<br>
<br>
The alternative version with "thiudans" is trickier; it may be due to <br>
miscopying or looseness of usage.<br>
<br>
About the word order in<br>
<br>
thiudiskaland thiudangardi ist: it might be worth while to look for some <br>
examples in Wulfila, but bear in mind that he tends to stick closely to the <br>
Greek he translates.<br>
<br>
About how to say "how are you?". Gothic appears to have had a phrase "ubil <br>
haban" (to have evil) or "ubilaba haban" (to have badly) for saying "to be <br>
ill". But these look like very literal translations of the New Testament's <br>
Greek (kakos echein = to have badly) and so we perhaps ought not to be too <br>
eager to postulate a Gothic phrase literally meaning "how do you have?". <br>
On the other hand, just such an expression for "how are you" is used in <br>
Norwegian: hvordan har du det, which I think means "how do you have it?"<br>
<br>
In answer to one other question, about the use of is/was + participle: <br>
other European tongues than English seem to have sensibly avoided this curse, <br>
but it does occur in Gothic, e.g. in Mark 1:21<br>
<br>
was laisjands ins swe waldufni habands jah ni swaswe thai bokarjos - he <br>
taught them (literally was teaching them) as one having authority and not <br>
like the scribes.<br>
<br>
However, Wulfila's Gothic here, as often, is a very literal rendition of <br>
the original; Mark's Greek has the same construction. Unfortunately I am not <br>
well versed enough in Greek to say how Mark's "was teaching" (en didaskon) <br>
would have been felt to differ from a simple imperfect.<br>
<br>
At a guess, the Goths did not normally use the construction in question.<br>
<br>
<br>
Gerry T.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
In a message dated 01/06/2012 16:30:10 GMT Daylight Time, <br>
<a href="mailto:becareful_icanseeyourfuture%40hotmail.de">becareful_icanseeyourfuture@hotmail.de</a> writes:<br>
<br>
Hailai,<br>
on our website www.vereindergotischensprache.de I want to start a <br>
neogothic language course. And it's pretty difficult to invent konversational <br>
phrases, the bible is not really known to have such ones attested. ;) I now <br>
choosed the declined forms. They can't be wrong and as far as I see we won't <br>
come to a real solution on this. And maybe some of the possibilities are <br>
right. On older Gothic the forms could have been declined and in later times <br>
the declination could have been reduced. <br>
<br>
Another question is: How would you translate the phrase: How are you? <br>
According to most languages I choosed: Hvaiwa is žu?<br>
Would that be appropriate?<br>
<br>
To: <a href="mailto:gothic-l%40yahoogroups.com">gothic-l@yahoogroups.com</a><br>
From: <a href="mailto:r_scherp%40yahoo.com">r_scherp@yahoo.com</a><br>
Date: Fri, 1 Jun 2012 03:00:02 +0000<br>
Subject: [gothic-l] Re: Greeting Hails<br>
<br>
Hails!<br>
<br>
Well, the opinions vary. I think we also have to distinguish between <br>
adjective and noun. In 'Verit heilir' the word clearly appears as an adjective. <br>
In German, however, 'Heil' seems to be used primarily as a noun that calls <br>
for the dative: 'Heil dir'. The examples Gerry posted seem to indicate a <br>
similar usage, but with an accusative instead of dative. Is that a valid <br>
interpretation?<br>
<br>
Randulfs<br>
<br>
--- In <a href="mailto:gothic-l%40yahoogroups.com">gothic-l@yahoogroups.com</a>, Thomas Ruhm <thomas@...> wrote:<br>
<br>
><br>
<br>
> In other languages greetings and other frequently used expressions with <br>
not much meaning the singular can be generalized.<br>
<br>
><br>
<br>
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<br>
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