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<p><p>Old English had two verbs which correspond to ModE 'to be', to wit, 'beon' and 'wesan'. 'Bith' is the third person sg. present indicative form of 'beon'. The latter verb was used especially to indicate a universal truth or habitual condition, or also futurity. The 'wesan'-counterpart here is 'is' (whence ModE 'is'). The full paradigm for the present indicative is:</p><p><br></p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:14px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">beon:</p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:14px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">ic beo</p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:14px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">thu bist</p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:14px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">he bith</p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:14px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">we beoth</p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:14px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">ge beoth</p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:14px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">hi beoth</p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:14px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;"><br></p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:15px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">wesan:</p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:15px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">ic eom</p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:15px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">thu eart</p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:15px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">he is</p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:15px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">we sind(on)</p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:15px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">ge sind(on)</p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:15px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">hi sind(on)</p><p><br></p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:14px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">In the example sent, 'bith' could easily be replaced with 'is', as the two forms are not mutually exclusive.<br></p><p><br></p><p style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:13px;font-family:arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;background-color:transparent;font-style:normal;">Edmund </p> <div class="ygroups-quoted"><br><br>---In gothic-l@yahoogroups.com, <gothic-l@yahoogroups.com> wrote:<br><br><div id="ygrps-yiv-935239066">Is biþ the exact same as is, or is it subjunctive or something? I admit, I know next to nothing about OE.</div></div></p>
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