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<p>Dear Roel,<div><br></div><div>As I stated in the original post, -o appears to be the usual adverbial ending for adjective stems ending in -isk- and -eig-, cf. 'thiudisko' (from *'thiudisks'), 'witodeigo' (from *'witotheigs').</div><div><br></div><div>Edmund</div><div><div class="ygroups-quoted"><br><br>---In Gothic-L@yahoogroups.com, <roellingua@...> wrote :<br><br><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880"><div dir="ltr">Awiliudo þus Audamunda, (Edmund = auds + munda)<div><br></div><div>Skeireins þeina waila filu ist, satja þo her undaro, haba fraihna:</div><div><br></div><div>(your explaination is very good, I 'll put it under here, I have a question:)</div><div><br></div><div>Magum in waurdam miþ -isk- aiþþau -eig- nauh -o brukjan, þau þata unraihta brukein Gutiskons razdos waurþi?</div><div><br></div><div>(Can we use -o in words with -isk- or -eig-, or would that be incorrect use of the Gothic language?)</div><div><div><br></div><div> <span style="color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;">In the case of Gothic, the adverbial suffix -o appears to have been non-productive specifically with simplex adjectives (= non-derived ones). In other words, it had become lexicalized in such cases, and the learner simply had to memorize which adjectives took this ending. The suffix -ba, on the other hand, appears to have been productive and was used everywhere except where there was already a lexicalized form with -o.</span><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1295" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;"><br></div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1267" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;">In certain cases, however, -o is regular:</div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1293" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;"><br></div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1269" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;">1) in the suffix -leiko: e.g. 'aljaleiko, antharleiko, lathaleiko.' With most of these, there is NO corresponding adjective in '-leiks.'</div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1291" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;"><br></div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1271" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;">2) adjectives suffixed with -isk- and -eig-: e.g. 'thiudisko, witodeigo.'</div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1289" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;"><br></div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1273" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;">In other words, -o was regularly only in conjunction with other derivational suffixes.</div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1287" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;"><br></div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1285" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;"><br></div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1275" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;">As to the vowel before the suffix -ba, that is determined by the class to which the adjective belongs. The majority of Gothic adjectives belong to the a-stem class, and this 'a' will appear before -ba, thus:</div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1311" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;"><br></div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1313" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;">abrs (a-stem) - abraba</div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1277" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;">ainfalths (a-stem) - ainfalthaba</div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1323" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;"><br></div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1283" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;">but:</div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1321" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;"><br></div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1319" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;">hardus (u-stem) - harduba (although 'hardaba' is also extant)</div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1281" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;"><br></div><div id="ygrps-yiv-1288094880yui_3_15_0_1_1422389519138_1279" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(63,63,63);font-size:13px;">For more details on the formation of adverbs, see Heidermanns' article "Der Ursprung der gotischen Adverbien auf -ba" (>Historische Sprachforschung< 1996, vol. 109, pp. 257-275).</div></div></div></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1288094880gmail_extra"><br><div class="ygrps-yiv-1288094880gmail_quote">2015-01-27 2:59 GMT+01:00 <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="mailto:edmundfairfax@...">edmundfairfax@...</a> [gothic-l] <span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="mailto:gothic-l@yahoogroups.com">gothic-l@yahoogroups.com</a>></span>:<br><blockquote><span class><blockquote class="ygrps-yiv-1288094880gmail_quote" style="border-left:1px #ccc solid;"><u></u><div style="background-color:#fff;">
<span> </span><div><div><div><p><br></p><div><br></div><div>You may wish to look over my post of 4 Dec. 2014, which explains the formation of adverbs.</div><div><br></div><div>Edmund</div><p></p></div><div style="color:#fff;min-height:0;"></div></div></div></div></blockquote></span></blockquote></div><br></div></div></div></div></p>
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