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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Call for papers (call deadline
</span></font><st1:date Month="9" Day="1" Year="2007"><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>1 September 2007</span></st1:date><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;font-weight:bold'>Transmission
and Diffusion: the impact of first and second language learning on language variation
and change<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Venue: </span></font><st1:place><st1:PlaceName><span
class=SpellE><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Radboud</span></span></st1:PlaceName><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> </span><st1:PlaceType><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>University</span></st1:PlaceType></st1:place><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> </span><st1:City><st1:place><span
class=SpellE><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Nijmegen</span></span></st1:place></st1:City><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, Centre for Language Studies<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The title ‘Transmission
and Diffusion’ is inspired by <span class=SpellE>Labov’s</span>
recent paper (to appear in <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span
style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Language</span></i>), in
which he attempts to fit together the family tree model of language change with
the wave model into a general framework based on changes in language learning
ability across the lifespan. The general argument is that the (usually
relatively slow) divergence of branches of the family tree is based on the
transmission of language structure from adults to children (who learn the
native language with depth and perfection), and the <span class=SpellE>incrementation</span>
of changes in progress by children. The diffusion of language contact across
branches of the tree is primarily the work of adults who do not preserve
structural conditions with the same fidelity (as adult second language learning
is to varying degrees imperfect), which accounts for the limitations on
borrowing of structure. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=SpellE><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Labov</span></font></span><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> illustrates these issues by case
studies on recent and ongoing changes in the sound system of North-eastern
American city dialects based on the American Dialect Atlas. The overall model
proposed opens a number of perspectives and at the same time raises a number of
interesting larger questions that set the theme for this conference.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The theme of the conference
can be approached on various levels of scale.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<ul style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm' type=disc>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>the macro-level of (sub-)continental transmission
and diffusion patterns, as in historical-comparative work on larger
language families such as Amerind, Austronesian and Trans-New Guinea
Phylum, or Semitic within Afro-Asiatic<o:p></o:p></span></font></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>the <span class=SpellE>meso</span>-level of
language contact, acquisition, and pidgin and <span class=SpellE>creole</span>
studies<o:p></o:p></span></font></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>the micro-level of more fine-grained (historical)
dialectological research, e.g. within the Germanic language area<o:p></o:p></span></font></li>
</ul>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>We welcome theoretically
informed papers on the following intersecting issues and perspectives:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<ul style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm' type=disc>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Issues of convergence vs. divergence: the view
that <span class=SpellE>incrementation</span> of change in progress by
children is primarily responsible for divergence is relatively
well-supported by the shape of the Indo-European family tree. Is the
converse also possible, i.e. can<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>relative homogeneity within language branches arise out of original
diversity by convergence fuelled by <span class=SpellE>incrementation</span>
during first language learning? Such questions can be approached on
various scales: the perspective might span the time frame involved in the
shaping of a language family tree, but is equally useful when considering
the level of dialects, dialect contact resulting from urbanization and so
on. Case studies on the role of first and second language learning in
convergence and divergence are especially welcome, particularly if they
move beyond the realm of sound correspondences and address topics in <span
class=SpellE>morpho</span>-syntax as well.<o:p></o:p></span></font></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Questions concerning processes involved in first
language learning and second language learning: why should first language
learning necessarily lead to <span class=SpellE>incrementation</span> of
change in progress? One issue with respect to second language learning is
whether more drastic language contact and less drastic dialect contact
involve the same kinds of processes.<o:p></o:p></span></font></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Evidence for first and second language learning,
or: making the best of bad data (another notion coined by <span
class=SpellE>Labov</span>). There is recent major progress in quantitative
research tools tracking down relatively diffuse patterns in historical
data, concerning phonological as well as <span class=SpellE>morpho</span>-syntactic
diversity. Thus, it is now possible to distinguish typical effects of
first and of second language learning, even at considerable historical
depth, and including grammatical properties. As a result, sophisticated
quantitative methodologies are rapidly being developed to allow more
refined research into language/dialect relationships resulting from transmission
and/or diffusion than has hitherto been possible.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>As a research tool, such methodologies
may cut both ways: they may serve to separate the effects of stable
transmission and of diffusion through language contact in histories of
language families; on the other hand, they may help in tracing deeper
relationships that may exist with isolated languages that seem
typologically remote. Similarly, such methodologies may serve to reveal
the superficially rather diffuse effects of dialect contact in situations
of urbanization such as arose in Western Europe during the late Middle
Ages. Case studies developing and using such research tools based on
historical corpora and on typological databases are particularly invited.<o:p></o:p></span></font></li>
</ul>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Invited speakers<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Lyle <span class=GramE>Campbell<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>(</span></span></font><st1:State><st1:place><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Utah</span></st1:place></st1:State><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>William <span class=SpellE>Labov</span>
(Penn)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>April McMahon (</span></font><st1:City><st1:place><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Edinburgh</span></st1:place></st1:City><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Jürgen Meisel (Hamburg)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Jonathan Owens (<span class=SpellE>Maryland</span>)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Russell Gray (</span></font><st1:City><st1:place><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Auckland</span></st1:place></st1:City><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Fred <span class=SpellE>Weerman</span>
(</span></font><st1:City><st1:place><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'>Amsterdam</span></st1:place></st1:City><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Donald <span class=SpellE>Winford</span>
(</span></font><st1:State><st1:place><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'>Ohio</span></st1:place></st1:State><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;font-weight:bold'>Abstracts are
solicited for 45 minute papers (including 10 minutes discussion).<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Please send in an abstract of max. <span
class=GramE>one</span> page, single spaced, Times New Roman pt. 12 or
equivalent font (excluding references). Abstracts should be sent by </span></font></b><st1:date
Month="9" Day="1" Year="2007"><b><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;font-weight:bold'>1 September 2007</span></b></st1:date><b><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;font-weight:bold'> to <a
href="mailto:transmission.diffusion@let.ru.nl">transmission.diffusion@let.ru.nl</a>.
Notification of acceptance can be expected by15 October 2007.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The conference is organised by
the research programme <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span
style='font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Language in Time and Space</span></i>
at the Centre for Language Studies CLS <span class=SpellE>Radboud</span>
University <span class=SpellE>Nijmegen</span>, Netherlands, (<a
href="http://www.ru.nl/cls/">http://www.ru.nl/cls/</a>). This group comprises
researchers in various departments in the <span class=SpellE>Radboud</span>
Faculty of Arts and at the Max Planck Institute, </span></font><st1:City><st1:place><span
class=SpellE><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Nijmegen</span></span></st1:place></st1:City><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>. Working on a variety of languages,
they share a common interest in the forces that shape various types of language
variation and change, with a strong methodological commitment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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