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<div class=Section1><pre><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman","serif"'>Call for papers: Workshop: 'Multiple source constructions in language change'<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>The 43rd annual Meeting of Societas Linguistica Europaea <br>
Vilnius University, Lithuania, 2-5 September 2010<o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><a
href="http://www.flf.vu.lt/sle2010/"><span lang=EN-GB>http://www.flf.vu.lt/sle2010/</span></a></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></pre>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpFirst style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Workshop
proposal<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>In
recent work on grammaticalization and language change in general, it has often
been stressed that change does not affect individual lexemes, but entire
constructions (see Bybee et al. 1994: 11; Croft 2000:62, 156, 163; Heine 2003:
575; Bybee 2003: 602-3, 2007; Traugott 2007). However, although most case
studies on diachronic language change now recognize the importance of the
source construction as a whole, they generally focus on just one such
construction, drawing gradual, yet straight lines from one particular source
construction to one specific syntagm. Using the metaphor proposed in Croft
(2000: 32-37), constructions form diachronic lineages as they are replicated in
usage, and change is typically conceived of as occurring <i>within </i>a
lineage through altered replication. Recent studies, however, demonstrate that
innovations in language change may derive not just from one, but from different
sources at once. That is, change often seems to involve some interaction <i>between</i>
lineages or between the branches of a lineage. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpLast style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Multiplicity
of source constructions can be witnessed on two levels. On the <b><i>macro-level</i></b>,
the involvement of multiple source constructions entails a merger of clearly
distinct lineages. One linguistic item or construction can then be traced back
to two independent items or constructions, each with its own prior history.
Several types of merger can be discerned, which are however not mutually
exclusive: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:
0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:
l2 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Syntactic blends
(‘intraference’ in Croft 2000): the formal and functional features
of different lineages are recombined into a new construction. For example, the
Lunda passive has been argued to</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> combine two source constructions, a
left-dislocated object construction and an impersonal construction (Givón &
Kawasha 2006). T</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman","serif"'>he history of English gerunds and present
participles seems to be a protracted series of mergers, with exchange of
formal, semantic and distributional features (Fanego 1998; Miller 2000), to the
point that the two clause types are now believed to have merged completely
(Huddleston & Pullum 2002). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:
0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:
l2 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Contact-induced change
(‘interference’ in Croft 2000): the function of a foreign
construction is merged with a ‘home-bred’ form. </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Examples
are the use of the locative preposition <i>bei </i>instead of <i>von</i> to
mark the agent of passives in Pennsylvania Dutch under the influence of English
(</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Heine
& Kuteva 2003: 538), or the emergence of a periphrastic perfect in Silesian
Polish, calqued on the German perfect (Croft 2000: 146).</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:
0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:
l2 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Two lineages produce paradigmatic
alternates in a single construction. Here lineages merge on a functional level,
but their different forms are retained and integrated in a new paradigm. The
clearest case is morphological suppletion, as in English <i>go/went </i>or
Classical Greek <i>trekh-/dram- </i>‘run’. </span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>However, the
phenomenon also occurs in syntax, as illustrated by the alternation of Dutch <i>hebben/zijn</i>
or German <i>haben/sein </i>as perfect auxiliaries. As is well known, the
choice for one auxiliary or the other depends on the semantics of the verb:
transitives and unergatives take <i>hebben/haben</i>; unaccusatives take <i>zijn/sein</i>.
Though currently functioning as alternates within a single grammatical
category, the <i>hebben/haben</i>-perfect and the <i>zijn/sein</i>-perfect can
be traced back to different source constructions (Van der Wal 1992:152-153).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:
0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:
l2 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>A constructional slot attracts new
items: it has been proposed that when functional domains recruit new items
through grammaticalization, this may in part be due to analogical attraction by
a more abstract syntactic construction (Fischer 2007). This seems particularly
plausible when, in the extreme case, an abstract slot recruits productively
from a single source domain. For instance, the English evidential <i>be-Ved-to-V-</i>construction
has become productive for verbs of perception, communication and cognition
(Noël 2001). But the issue is more complicated when items from different source
domains are involved. Prepositions, for instance, may be derived from very
different sources yet converge on a single new category, as illustrated by
German <i>statt</i> and <i>wegen</i>, deriving from nominal constructions, as
opposed to <i>während</i>, deriving from a participle (Kluge 2002). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>On the <b><i>micro-level</i></b>,
innovation can take place within what is historically a single lineage, but
under the influence of different uses of the same item. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:
0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:
l1 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>In lexical semantics, Geeraerts (1997)
proposes that two senses of a polysemous lexical item may conspire to produce a
third. </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:
0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:
l1 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>The same seems to happen in grammar. New
uses of a grammatical or grammaticalizing item may be triggered by pragmatic
implicatures arising (seemingly?) independently in a number of its
collocations. </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>For
example, the aspectual meanings of the English phrasal verb particle <i>out</i>
arose in several specific collocations at once (De Smet forthc.). The
development of the emphasizing meaning of <i>particular </i>was influenced by
two other sense strains of the adjective – a descriptive and a
determining one – each associated with its own specific collocational
set. (Ghesquière 2009). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:
0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:
l1 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>The most dramatic cases are certain
examples of degrammaticalization. </span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>For example, Fischer (2000) has
argued that, long after it had been reanalysed as an infinitive marker, English
<i>to </i>has developed back in the direction of the preposition <i>to</i>. </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpFirst style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpLast style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>The
recurrent involvement of multiple source constructions in language change
raises a number of questions, from methodological/descriptive to theoretical:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:
0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:
l0 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><b><i><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>How do we prove that different source
constructions have a genuine impact?</span></i></b><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> Clearly, mere
resemblance of constructions does not necessarily imply that they actually
interact as sources of an innovation. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:
0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:
l0 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><b><i><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>How should we typologize the various
changes involving multiple source constructions?</span></i></b><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> For
a start, involvement of multiple sources may be more likely in some domains of
grammar than others (semantics, morphology, syntax) and is certainly more
conspicuous in some cases than in others (macro-level vs. micro-level). It is
not entirely clear, then, whether in all cases we are dealing with a similar
phenomenon, triggered by fundamentally similar mechanisms. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:
0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:
l0 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><b><i><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>How common is the involvement of
multiple source constructions in language change?</span></i></b><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> It
is possible that the involvement of multiple source constructions is a
significant catalyst for change, which could even imply that
‘uncontaminated’ lineage-internal changes form the exception.
Alternatively, the involvement of multiple sources could be merely apparent or
accidental and have no great impact on change. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:
0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:
l0 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>4.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><b><i><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>How can developments involving multiple
source constructions be modelled in a theory of grammar and language change?</span></i></b><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
Especially if change canonically involves multiple sources, this has
implications for how constructions are represented in speakers’ minds and
how language change takes place (Joseph 1992). Proper theoretical modelling of
different changes is also necessary to determine to what extent multiplicity of
source constructions in change is a homogeneous phenomenon. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpFirst style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>We
invite papers that address one or more of the above questions, to be presented
in a one-day workshop, bringing together scholars interested in language
change, from the domains of grammar, grammaticalization, morphology and
typology. Particularly welcome are papers that are based on corpus and/or
historical data and that aim to contribute to existing theorizing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Confirmed
key note speaker: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Brian
Joseph<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Venue:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>The
workshop is to be held at the 43rd annual meeting of the Societas Linguistica
Europeae in Vilnius, September 2-5 (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><a href="http://www.flf.vu.lt/sle2010/"><span
lang=EN-GB>http://www.flf.vu.lt/sle2010/</span></a></span><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Timeline:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>We
ask potential participants to send us their provisional titles and short
descriptions no later than November 12, so as to allow us to submit a workshop
programme, including a preliminary list of participants and a short description
of their topics, to the SLE Scientific Committee. Contributors will be notified
if the workshop is accepted by December 15. Abstracts should then be submitted
electronically via the SLE website by January 1.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Contact:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><a
href="mailto:Lobke.Ghesquiere@arts.kuleuven.be"><span lang=EN-US>Lobke.Ghesquiere@arts.kuleuven.be</span></a></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Workshop
conveners: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Freek Van de
Velde, Lobke Ghesquière, Hendrik De Smet<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>References<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Bybee,
J., R. Perkins & W. Pagliuca (1994). The evolution of grammar. Tense,
aspect, and modality in the languages of the world. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
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lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Bybee,
J. (2003). Mechanisms of change in grammaticalization. The role of frequency.
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Linguistics</i>. Oxford: Blackwell. 602-623.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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J. (2007). Historical Linguistics. In: Geeraerts, D. & H. Cuyckens (eds.) <i>The
handbook of cognitive linguistics</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
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text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Fischer,
O. (2007). <i>Approaches to morphosyntactic change from a functional and formal
perspective</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Geeraerts,
D. (1997). <i>Diachronic prototype semantics. A contribution to historical
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margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Ghesquière,
L. (2009). (Inter)subjectification and structural movement in the English NP.
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<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Givón,
T. & B. Kawasha. (2006). Indiscrete grammatical relations. The Lunda
passive. In: Tsunoda, T. &<i> </i>T. Kageyama (eds.). <i>Voice and
Grammatical Relations. In Honor of Masayoshi Shibatani </i>(Typology Studies in
Language 65). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 15-41.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Heine,
B. (2003). Grammaticalization. In: Joseph, B.D. & R.D. Janda (eds.). <i>The
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margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Heine,
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margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Huddleston,
R. & Pullum, G. (2002). The Cambridge grammar of the English language.
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margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Joseph,
B.D. (1992). Diachronic explanation. Putting the speaker back into the picture.
In: Davis, G.W. & G.K. Iverson (eds.). <i>Explanations in historical
linguistics</i>. </span><span lang=DE style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>John
Benjamins. 123-144.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=DE style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Kluge,
F. (2002). <i>Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache</i>. Berlin: De
Gruyter.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Miller,
G.D. (2002). <i>Nonfinite structures in theory and change</i>. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Noël,
D. (2001). The passive matrices of English infinitival complement clauses.
Evidentials on the road to auxiliarihood? <i>Studies in Language </i>25:
255-296.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Traugott,
E. (2007). The concepts of constructional mismatch and type-shifting from the
perspective of grammaticalization. </span><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Cognitive Linguistics</span></i><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> 18: 523-557.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormalCxSpLast style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:1.0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;
text-indent:-1.0cm;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Van der Wal, M.
(i.c.w. C. van Bree) (1992). <i>Geschiedenis van het Nederlands</i>. Utrecht:
Spectrum.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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