<br><div class="gmail_quote"><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
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I was wondering whether you are aware of cases of phonological change whereby a /?/ would change into a /x/, as in the following examples found in a few Modern Greek dialects:<br>
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(1) Cappadocian Greek<br>
klo/?/ara 'spindle' > klo/x/ara (realised allophonically as [x])<br>
/?/eliko 'female.N' > /x/eliko (realised allophonically as [?])<br>
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(2) Cypriot Greek<br>
a/?/asi 'almond' > a/x/asi (realised allophonically as [x])<br>
/?/elo 'I want' > /x/elo (realised allophonically as [?])<br>
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I would be interested in considering relevant examples not only of diachronic change but also of synchronic bilingual speech effects.<br>
<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>In Arapaho (Algonquian), an initial h- is inserted at the beginning of any word starting with a vowel, though I am not sure whether a glottal stop intermediate stage is involved.</div>
<div><br></div><div>For instance, proto-Algonquian *ameθkwa 'beaver' > hébes (compare for instance Ojibwe amik)</div><div><br></div><div>See Ives Goddard 1974 (in IJAL, who omits the initial h- in the transcription since it is predictable; there are no words starting with a vowel in the language) and Marc Picard 1994.</div>
<div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Same phenomenon in Hochank (or Winnebago, Siouan), h- is inserted in words starting with an initial short vowel e.g. proto-Mississippi Valley Siouan *is^tá > his^já 'face' (compare Lakhota is^tá 'eye'). cf. the unpublished Comparative Siouan Dictionary.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Guillaume Jacques</div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><br>-- <br>Guillaume Jacques<br>CNRS (CRLAO) - INALCO<br><a href="http://xiang.free.fr">http://xiang.free.fr</a><br> <a href="http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/export_listeperso_xml.php?url_id=0000000003849">http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/export_listeperso_xml.php?url_id=0000000003849</a><br>