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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:-9.0pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:-.5in;background:white">
<b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Now available on Project MUSE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:-.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white">
<b><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">The Canadian Journal of Linguistics</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:-9.35pt;margin-bottom:24.0pt;margin-left:-.5in;background:white">
<b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/canadian_journal_of_linguistics/toc/cjl.57.2.html">Volume 57, Issue 2, July 2012<i><o:p></o:p></i></a></span></b></p>
<p class="Default" style="margin-bottom:30.0pt"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:red">SPECIAL ISSUE:
</span></b><span class="A3"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:red">Properties of predication / Propriétés de la prédication</span></span><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:red"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:-9.0pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:-.5in;background:white">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#4C3D16">This issue contains:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:-9.35pt;margin-left:-.5in">
<b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:blue"><a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/canadian_journal_of_linguistics/v057/57.2.paul.html">Introduction
</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><br>
</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:blue">Ileana Paul</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:-9.35pt;margin-bottom:.25in;margin-left:-.5in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">This issue addresses questions surrounding predication.
<a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/canadian_journal_of_linguistics/v057/57.2.paul.pdf">
Read more</a>…<br>
<span style="color:#95B3D7;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#95B3D7;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%">pp. 173-176 | DOI: 10.1353/cjl.2012.0031
</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:-9.0pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:-.5in">
<b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Articles<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-left:-.5in">
<b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/canadian_journal_of_linguistics/v057/57.2.baker.html">Forms of predication in Sakha (Turkic): Will the true lexical predicates please stand up?
</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:-9.35pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:-.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/results?section1=author&search1=Mark%20C.%20Baker"><span style="text-decoration:none">Mark C. Baker</span></a>,
<a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/results?section1=author&search1=Nadezda%20Vinokurova">
<span style="text-decoration:none">Nadezda Vinokurova</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="summaryheading" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:-.5in">
<span class="summaryheading1"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Abstract:</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:-.5in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The Turkic language Sakha (Yakut) uses a copular verb with predicate nominals but not with predicate adjectives or verbs in certain environments, including relative clauses, nominalized clauses,
and complements to nouns. Previous work takes this as evidence that adjectives but not nouns are true one-place predicates. However, unaccusativity diagnostics show that adjectives pattern with nouns in Sakha, as in other languages: neither is inherently predicative
without a predicative functional head. The need for a copula with predicate nominals in certain environments can be explained using Richards's distinctiveness condition. Relative clauses, noun complements, and nominalization structures all bring a nominal
head in close contact with the predicate. If the predicate itself is nominal, a verbal copula must intervene to separate the predicate from the embedding head of the same category.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="summaryheading" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:-.5in">
<span class="summaryheading1"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Résumé:</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:.25in;margin-left:-.5in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">La langue turcique Sakha (Yakut) emploie une copule avec les noms prédicatifs mais pas avec les adjectifs prédicatifs ou les verbes dans les contextes tels que les subordonnées relatives ou substantivées
et les compléments de noms. Des études précédentes concluent par conséquent que contrairement aux substantifs, les adjectifs sont de vrais prédicats monovalents. Cependant, certains tests d'inaccusativité démontrent qu'en Sakha, les adjectifs se comportent
comme les noms, comme dans les autres langues : ni l'adjectif ni le nom n'est prédicatif sans une tête fonctionnelle prédicative. La nécessité d'une copule dans certains contextes peut s'expliquer par la condition de caractère distinct de Richards. Les subordonnées
relatives, les compléments de nom et les nominalisations ont en commun le rapprochement d'une tête nominale et d'un prédicat. Si le prédicat est nominal, une copule intervient pour séparer le prédicat de la tête enchâssée de la même catégorie.<br>
<span style="color:#95B3D7;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#95B3D7;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%">pp. 177-207 | DOI: 10.1353/cjl.2012.0032
</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:-.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/canadian_journal_of_linguistics/v057/57.2.heycock.html">Specification, equation, and agreement in copular sentences
</a><br>
</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:blue">Caroline Heycock</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="summaryheading" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:-.5in">
<span class="summaryheading1"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Abstract:</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:-.5in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">This article presents new data from a number of Germanic languages concerning the agreement patterns found in copular clauses that contain two nominals; in both clauses with specificational readings
(such as <i>The problem is your parents</i>) and those with what are here termed readings of assumed identity (such as
<i>If I were you</i> or <i>In my dream I was you</i>). It is argued that the specificational sentences involve asymmetric equative structures where one nominal is interpreted as in a concealed question, and that the cross-linguistic differences in agreement
patterns found in the languages considered follow from the copula lexicalizing either Tense or a lower head.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="summaryheading" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:-.5in">
<span class="summaryheading1"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Résumé:</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:.25in;margin-left:-.5in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Cet article présente de nouvelles données tirées de certaines langues germaniques et qui illustrent les schémas d'accord dans les propositions copulatives avec deux substantifs ; les propositions
à lecture spécificationnelle (telles que <i>The problem is your parents</i>) ainsi que celles à «lecture d'identité empruntée» (telle que
<i>If I were you</i> ou <i>In my dream I was you</i>). L'article propose que les phrases spécificationnelles comprennent des structures équatives asymétriques où un substantif est interprété exactement comme dans le contexte d'une question furtive, et que les
différences interlinguistiques dans les schémas d'accord relevés dans les langues sous considération découlent de la lexicalisation par la copule de la tête tensée T<sup>0</sup> ou d'une tête plus basse dans la structure.<br>
<span style="color:#95B3D7;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#95B3D7;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%">pp. 209-240 | DOI: 10.1353/cjl.2012.0033
</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:-9.0pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:-.5in">
<b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/canadian_journal_of_linguistics/v057/57.2.massam.html">On the status of inversion in an inverse language
</a><br>
</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:blue">Diane Massam</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="summaryheading" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:-.5in">
<span class="summaryheading1"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Abstract:</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:-.5in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">This article addresses inversion in an inverse (VSO) language, Niuean, focusing on two issues. First, it has been proposed that in certain types of copular sentences, such as pseudo-cleft constructions
(PCCs), the predicate rather than the subject may move into the specifier position of TP. This raises the question of PCCs in a language in which the predicate normally moves there. Such sentences might exhibit their normal inverse order or the inverse of
this. The second issue is what constitutes the predicate in a PCC. The headless relative (and not the DP) is usually analyzed as the predicate because, in standard theories of predication, a referential nominal cannot be a predicate. However, in Niuean PCCs,
the DP is usually analyzed as the predicate. I propose that it is in fact a reduced headless relative with a null predicate. It becomes clear that there is no special copular inversion: the inversion requirement is taken care of by the general predicate-fronting
process. The analysis thus sheds new light on the general nature of copular inversion and allows Niuean PCCs to fall into the standard view of predication theory.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="summaryheading" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:-.5in">
<span class="summaryheading1"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Résumé:</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:.25in;margin-left:-.5in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Cet article étudie l'inversion dans une langue inverse (VSO), le niuéen, et se concentre sur deux questions. D'abord, il a été proposé que dans certains types de phrases à copule, telles que
les pseudo-clivées (CPC), il est possible qu'un prédicat se déplace dans le spécifieur du Syntagme Temps plutôt que le sujet. Cela soulève la question des CPC dans une langue où le prédicat se déplace par défaut dans la position sujet. De telles phrases pourraient
manifester leur ordre inverse habituel ou l'inverse de celui-ci. La deuxième question porte sur le statut du prédicat dans une CPC. La relative substantive (et non le SD) est habituellement identifiée comme le prédicat parce que, selon les théories conventionnelles
de la prédication, un nom référentiel ne peut être un prédicat. Cependant, dans les CPC en niuéen, le SD est habituellement analysé comme le prédicat. Dans cet article, je propose qu'il est en fait une relative substantive réduite avec un prédicat nul. Il
n'y a par conséquent aucune inversion copulative spéciale : l'exigence d'inversion est satisfaite par la nature générale du processus d'antéposition du prédicat. Cette analyse nous permet donc de mieux comprendre la nature générale de l'inversion copulative
et situe les CPC en niuéen dans la perspective standard de la théorie de la prédication.<br>
<span style="color:#95B3D7;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#95B3D7;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%">pp. 241-260 | DOI: 10.1353/cjl.2012.0027
</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:-.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<b><u><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:blue">Generic predicates and interest-relativity<br>
</span></u></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/results?section1=author&search1=Sally%20McConnell-Ginet"><span style="text-decoration:none">Sally McConnell-Ginet</span></a>
<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></p>
<p class="summaryheading" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:-.5in">
<span class="summaryheading1"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Abstract:</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:-.5in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">"Simple generics" with bare plural subjects (e.g.,
<i>dogs bark</i>) predicate of a kind a property that the kind "inherits" from its individual members. But what does that inheritance amount to if it is not, like
<i>most dogs bark</i>, based on how many individuals have the property. My conclusion: there is no determinate account of which (fundamentally individual-level) properties can be truly predicated of a kind: generics are not quantificational, and language users'
interests guide judgments on their truthconditions. At the same time, even "canonical" predications of ordinary predicates of ordinary individuals are not so straightforward as they might appear. Generic claims about social groups show the indeterminacy of
truth conditions for simple generics and the relation to stereotypes and sometimes conflicting interests.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="summaryheading" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:-.5in">
<span class="summaryheading1"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Résumé:</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:-9.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:-.5in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Les génériques simples, tels que les noms nus sujets au pluriel (e.g.,
<i>dogs bark</i>), mettent en relation de prédication une espèce et une propriété que l'espèce «hérite» de ses membres individuels. Mais à quoi équivaut cet «héritage» s'il n'est pas (comme dans
<i>most dogs bark</i>) fondé sur le nombre d'individus qui possèdent cette propriété? Ma conclusion : il n'y a pas d'analyse définitive des diverses propriétés (essentiellement de niveau individuel (I-level)) qui peuvent entrer en relation de prédication avec
une espèce : les phrases génériques ne sont pas quantificationnelles et les intérêts des locuteurs guident les jugements des conditions de vérité. En outre, même la prédication «canonique» des prédicats ordinaires et des individus ordinaires n'est pas si simple.
Les affirmations génériques à propos des groupes sociaux montrent la nature indéterminée des conditions de vérité pour les génériques simples, ainsi que le rapport avec les stéréotypes et parfois avec des intérêts conflictuels.<br>
<span style="color:#95B3D7;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#95B3D7;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%">pp. 261-287 | DOI: 10.1353/cjl.2012.0028
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<b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/canadian_journal_of_linguistics/v057/57.2.nickel.html">Saying and doing: The role of semantics in the use of generic sentences
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:blue">Bernhard Nickel</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">
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<span class="summaryheading1"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Abstract:</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">This article discusses semantic theories of generic sentences that seek to tie their meaning closely to their use, rather than giving more traditional truth-conditional semantic treatments. It
focuses on McConnell-Ginet's recent work and defends truth-conditional approaches combined with a traditional semantics-pragmatics distinction.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span class="summaryheading1"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Résumé:</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Cet article porte sur les phrases génériques et sur les analyses sémantiques qui tentent de lier l'interprétation de ces phrases à leur usage plutôt qu'en terme de conditions de vérité comme
il est de mise dans les analyses traditionnelles. L'article vise en particulier le travail récent de McConnell-Ginet et défend les approches traditionnelles en termes de conditions de vérité tout en défendant la distinction ordinaire entre la sémantique et
la pragmatique.<br>
<span style="color:#95B3D7;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#95B3D7;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%">pp. 289-302 | DOI: 10.1353/cjl.2012.0029
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<b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/canadian_journal_of_linguistics/v057/57.2.gil.html">Where does predication come from?
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</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:blue">David Gil</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">
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<span class="summaryheading1"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Abstract:</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Predication is widely considered to be a fundamental feature of human language and conceptual structure. This article offers a reassessment of the central role that predication plays within current
theories of grammar, by calling into question the universality of predication and its nature as a primitive, irreducible notion. It proposes a new definition of
<i>predicate</i>, as a complex emergent entity derived from the alignment of two independent elements of conceptual structure: thematic role assignment and headedness.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span class="summaryheading1"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Résumé:</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Selon une longue tradition, la prédication est un trait fondamental des langues naturelles et de la structure conceptuelle. Cet article réexamine le rôle central que la prédication occupe dans
les théories linguistiques actuelles, et remet en question le caractère universel de la prédication et son statut de primitif irréductible. Il propose une nouvelle définition de «prédicat», soit une entité complexe émergente qui découle de l'alignement de
deux éléments de la structure conceptuelle indépendants l'un de l'autre : l'attribution des rôles thématiques et le statut de tête.<br>
<span style="color:#95B3D7;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#95B3D7;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%">pp. 303-333 | DOI: 10.1353/cjl.2012.0030
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The <i>Canadian Journal of Linguistics</i> publishes articles of original research in linguistics in both English and French. The articles deal with linguistic theory, linguistic description
of English, French and a variety of other natural languages, phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, first and second language acquisition, and other areas of interest to linguists.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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