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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=FR-BE link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>Call for papers: Workshop “</span></b><b><span lang=EN-GB>Category change from a constructional perspective</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US>”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>Call deadline:<i> </i></span></b><span lang=EN-US>December 9, 2013<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>Workshop convenors<i>:<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p><ul style='margin-top:0cm' type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'>Muriel Norde (Humboldt Universität zu Berlin) : <a href="mailto:muriel.norde@hu-berlin.de">muriel.norde@hu-berlin.de</a><o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'>Kristel Van Goethem (F.R.S.-FNRS, Université catholique de Louvain) : <a href="mailto:kristel.vangoethem@uclouvain.be">kristel.vangoethem@uclouvain.be</a> <o:p></o:p></li></ul><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>Workshop discussant:</span></b><span lang=EN-US> Graeme Trousdale (University of Edinburgh)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>Call for papers<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>This is a workshop proposal to be submitted to the 8<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Construction Grammar (ICCG8), which will be held at the University of Osnabrueck, 3-6 September, 2014.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>If you are interested in participating in this workshop, <b>please send both of us a title by December 9, 2013</b>, so we can submit our proposal (including a provisional list of participants and titles) to the ICCG8 conference organizers. If our proposal is accepted, participants will be invited to submit a full abstract (400 words) by February 1, 2014. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>Conference website</span></b><span lang=EN-US>: </span><a href="http://www.blogs.uni-osnabrueck.de/iccg8/"><span lang=EN-US>http://www.blogs.uni-osnabrueck.de/iccg8/</span></a><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>Workshop description<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>Category change, i.e. the shift from one word class to another or from free categories to bound categories, is inherent to many different types of change, yet it is usually not given much consideration. The aim of this workshop, therefore, will be to bring category change itself to the fore, as a phenomenon worthy of study in its own right. Adopting a rather broad definition of “category”, which includes both single words and multi-word units, we will explore how categories change and why some shifts are more frequent than others. In particular, we want to examine whether a constructional perspective enhances our understanding of category change. In our workshop, focus will be on three topics: (i) types of category change, (ii) degrees of gradualness and context-sensitivity, and (iii) directionality.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-GB>Types of category change<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>Category change may result from different processes. The first process is commonly termed “non-affixal derivation” or “conversion”, as in the following examples from French (Kerleroux 1996) and English (Denison 2010).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=EN-GB><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(1)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span></i><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-GB>calme</span></i><sub><span lang=EN-GB>A</span></sub><span lang=EN-GB> ‘calm’ > <i>calme</i><sub>N </sub>‘calmness’<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=EN-GB><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(2)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span></i><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-GB>daily</span></i><sub><span lang=EN-GB>A</span></sub><span lang=EN-GB> <i>newspaper</i> > <i>daily</i><sub>N</sub><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>The second process is category change determined by a specific syntactic context, or “distorsion catégorielle” (Kerleroux 1996), as in (3), likewise from French:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=EN-GB><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(3)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span></i><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-US>Elle est d’un <b>courageux</b>!</span></i><span lang=EN-US> ‘(lit. </span><span lang=EN-GB>She is of a brave) She is very brave’ <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>However, there is no strict boundary between the processes exemplified in (1-2) and (3), as suggested by cases such as <i>Elle est d’un calme! </i>‘lit. She is of a calm; She is very calm’. In this example, the nominal use of <i>calme </i>can be accounted for both as conversion and as context-internal category change. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>Third, category change can be linked to processes of univerbation with structural change (Denison 2010), e.g. the use of English <i>far from </i>as an adverbial downtoner in (4) (De Smet 2012), or the development of the German pronoun <i>neizwer </i>out of a Middle High German sentence (5) (Haspelmath 1997: 131). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=EN-GB><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(4)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span></i><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-GB>The life of a “beauty queen” is <b>far from</b> beautiful.</span></i><span lang=EN-GB> (web)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=EN-GB><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(5)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span></i><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-GB>ne weiz wer</span></i><span lang=EN-GB> ‘I don´t know who’ > <i>neizwer </i>‘somebody’<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>A fourth type is one in which an item shifts category in the wake of the category shift of another item, e.g. the shift of Swedish adverbs in –<i>vis </i>to adjectives when the head of a VP is nominalized:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=EN-GB><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(6)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span></i><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-GB>Samhället förandras <b>gradvis</b></span></i><sub><span lang=EN-GB>ADV</span></sub><span lang=EN-GB>. ‘Society changes gradually’<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=EN-GB><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(7)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span></i><![endif]><i><span lang=NL>Den <b>gradvisa</b><sub>ADJ</sub> förändringen av samhället</span></i><span lang=NL>. </span><span lang=EN-GB>‘The gradual change of society’<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>Finally, category change may be part of a grammaticalization change, i.e. “the change whereby lexical items and constructions come in certain linguistic contexts to serve grammatical functions and, once grammaticalized, continue to develop new grammatical functions” (Hopper & Traugott 2003: 18), such as the grammaticalization of English <i>to be going to </i>from main verb to future auxiliary in (8-9). Such gradual grammaticalization processes may account for synchronic gradience (Traugott & Trousdale 2010).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=EN-GB><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(8)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span></i><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-GB>I</span></i><span lang=EN-GB> [<i>am going to</i>]<sub>MAIN V</sub> <i>the train station</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=EN-GB><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(9)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span></i><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-GB>I</span></i><span lang=EN-GB> [<i>am going to</i>]<sub>AUX</sub> <i>be a star</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-GB>Degrees of gradualness and context-sensitivity<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>The different types of category shift mentioned above can be arranged on a continuum, from abrupt to gradual and from context-independent to context-sensitive. </span><span lang=EN-US>While the A > N conversions in (1-2) are abrupt and context-independent processes, shifts from N > A are often gradual and determined by the syntactic environment, as in the case of <i>key</i><sub>N</sub> > <i>key</i><sub>A</sub> in English (10a) and French (10b) (Amiot & Van Goethem 2012; Denison 2001, 2010; De Smet 2012; Van Goethem & De Smet (forthc.)). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(10)</span></span></i><![endif]><span lang=EN-US>a. <i>This is a really <b>key </b>point.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:35.4pt'>b. <i>Ceci est un point vraiment <b>clé</b>.</i><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>However</span><span lang=EN-GB>, similar developments in related languages may be characterized differently, as suggested by a contrastive case study on the adjectival uses of Dutch <i>top</i> and German <i>spitze </i>‘top’ (Van Goethem & Hüning 2013). The category change in Dutch (11) seems abrupt, but the German (12) spelling of <i>S/spitze </i>and inflection of the preceding adjective/adverb is suggestive of a gradual development. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=EN-GB><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(11)</span></span></i><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-GB> het was (de) absolute <b>top</b><sub>N</sub> / het was absoluut <b>top</b><sub>A </sub>‘lit. it was absolute(ly) top</span></i><span lang=EN-GB>’<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=DE><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(12)</span></span></i><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-GB> </span></i><i><span lang=DE>das war absolute <b>Spitze</b><sub>N</sub> / das war absolute <b>spitze</b><sub>N/A</sub> / das war absolut <b>Spitze</b><sub>N/A</sub> / das war absolut <b>spitze</b><sub>A</sub> ‘lit. it was absolute(ly) top</span></i><span lang=DE>’<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DE><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-GB>Directionality<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>Whereas in earlier work (e.g. Lehmann 1995 [1982], Haspelmath 2004) the view prevailed that only changes from major to minor categories are possible, research on degrammaticalization (Norde 2009) has shown that changes from minor to major word classes, albeit less frequently attested, are possible as well. In addition, specific items have been shown to change categories more than once in the course of their histories, in alternating stages of grammaticalization and degrammaticalization. One example is degrammaticalization of the Dutch numeral suffix -<i>tig </i>‘-ty’<i> </i>into an indefinite quantifier meaning “dozens”, followed by grammaticalization into an intensifier meaning “very” (Norde 2006). Another example is the autonomous (adjectival/adverbial) use of Dutch intensifying prefixoids (Booij 2010: 60-61), such as Dutch <i>reuze</i> ‘giant’, which underwent multiple category changes (Van Goethem & Hiligsmann, forthc.; Norde & Van Goethem, in prep.), first from noun to intensifying affixoid (13) (grammaticalization) and later on into an adjective/adverb (14-15) (degrammaticalization):<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=NL><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(13)</span></span></i><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-GB> </span></i><i><span lang=NL>Verder kunnen we <b>reuze</b>goed met elkaar opschieten</span></i><span lang=NL> ‘Besides we get along very well (lit. giant-well)’ (<i>COW2012</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(14)</span></span></i><![endif]><i><span lang=NL> Ik zou het gewoon weg <b>reuze </b>vinden als je eens langs kwam. </span></i><span lang=EN-US>‘I really think it would be great (lit. giant) if you came by once.’ (<i>COW 2012</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(15)</span></span></i><![endif]><b><i><span lang=EN-US> Reuze </span></i></b><i><span lang=EN-US>bedankt! </span></i><span lang=EN-US>‘Thanks a lot’ <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>Finally, category shift may be “non-directional”, in the sense that the input and output categories are of the same level, e.g. in shifts from one major word class to the other (examples (1-2)), or the transference of nominal case markers to verbal tense – aspect markers, such as the shift, in Kala Lagau Ya, from dative marker –<i>pa</i> to (verbal) completive marker (Blake 2001; examples (16-17)). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(16)</span></span></i><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-GB> </span></i><i><span lang=EN-US>Nuy ay-<b>pa </b>amal-<b>pa</b></span></i><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> he food-dat mother-dat<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span lang=EN-US>‘He [went] for food for mother’<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><i><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>(17)</span></span></i><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-US>Ngoeba uzar-am-<b>pa</b><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> 1dual.inclusive go-dual.incompletive<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span lang=EN-US>‘We two will go (are endeavouring to go)’<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-GB>The constructional perspective<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>The central aim of the workshop will be to investigate whether category change can be explained more accurately by analyzing it as an instance of “constructionalization” (Bergs & Diewald 2008; Traugott & Trousdale 2013 (forthc.)), which involves “a sequence of changes in the form and meaning poles of a construction, whereby new formal configurations come to serve particular functions, and to encode new meanings” (Trousdale & Norde 2013: 36). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>In this workshop, we welcome both theoretically and empirically oriented papers that account for category change from a constructional perspective. Research questions include, but are not limited to, the following:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-GB>1:</span></b><span lang=EN-GB> What is the status of category change in a diachronic construction grammar framework (e.g. Traugott & Trousdale 2013) and how can the different types outlined above be accounted for? Are categories grammatical primitives, or the epiphenomenal result of constructions in the sense of Croft 2001?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-GB>2:</span></b><span lang=EN-GB> How can the notions of gradualness and context-sensitivity be modelled in a constructional framework? Does the gradualness of some category shifts imply that categories synchronically form a “continuous spectrum” (Langacker 1987: 18) or does it merely mean that a given item may belong to two or more categories whereas “the categories in question can nevertheless be clearly delimited” (Aarts 2007: 242)?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>3: </span></b><span lang=EN-US>Is category change a change in form which together with a change in meaning constitutes a constructionalization change and if so, is it the shift itself or changes in morphosyntactic properties (e.g. decategorialization) that are associated with it?</span><span lang=EN-US> </span><span lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-GB>4: </span></b><span lang=EN-GB>How does the distinction between lexical and grammatical constructionalization link in to the different types of category change (abrupt vs gradual, morphological vs syntactic, context-independent vs context-sensitive, word-level vs construction-level)? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-GB>5: </span></b><span lang=EN-GB>Which role can be assigned to the notion of “category” in constructional networks? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-GB>References<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>Aarts, B. 2007. <i>Syntactic Gradience</i>. <i>The Nature of Grammatical Indeterminacy</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Amiot, D. & K. Van Goethem 2012. A constructional account of French<i> -clé </i>'key' and Dutch <i>sleutel- </i>'key' as in<i> mot-clé / sleutelwoord </i>'keyword'. <i>Morphology</i> 22. 347-364.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Bergs, A. & G. Diewald (Eds). 2008. </span><i><span lang=EN-GB>Constructions and Language Change. </span></i><span lang=EN-GB>Berlin / New York: Mouton de Gruyter.</span><span lang=EN-GB> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>Booij, G. 2010. <i>Construction Morphology. </i>Oxford: Oxford University Press. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Blake, B. J. 2001. <i>Case. Second edition.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span lang=EN-US>COW (Corpora from the web)</span></i><span lang=EN-US> </span><a href="http://hpsg.fu-berlin.de/cow/colibri/"><span lang=EN-US>http://hpsg.fu-berlin.de/cow/colibri/</span></a><span lang=EN-US> [</span><a href="http://hpsg.fu-berlin.de/cow/files/SchaeferBildhauer_BuildingLargeCorpora_LREC2012.pdf"><span lang=EN-US>Schäfer, R. & F. Bildhauer. 2012. Building large corpora from the web using a new effcient tool chain</span></a><span lang=EN-US>. In N. Calzolari et al. (eds), <i>Proceedings of the Eight International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation</i>, Istanbul, ELRA, 486–493.]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>Croft, W. 2001. <i>Radical Construction Grammar. Syntactic theory in typological perspective. </i>Oxford: Oxford University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>De Smet, H. 2012. The course of actualization. <i>Language</i> 88.3. 601-633.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Denison, D. 2001. Gradience and linguistic change. In L. J. Brinton (ed.), <i>Historical linguistics 1999: Selected papers from the 14th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Vancouver, 9-13 August 1999 </i>(Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 215), 119-44. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Denison, D. 2010. Category change in English with and without structural change. In E.C. Traugott & G. Trousdale (eds), <i>Gradience, gradualness and grammaticalization </i>(<i>Typological Studies in Language</i> 90), 105-128. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>Haspelmath, M. 1997. <i>Indefinite pronouns</i>. Oxford : Oxford University Press.</span><span lang=EN-GB> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Haspelmath, M. 2004. On directionality in language change with particular reference to grammaticalization. In O. Fischer, M. Norde & H. Perridon (eds) <i>Up and down the cline </i></span><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Symbol'>¾</span></i><i><span lang=EN-US> the nature of grammaticalization</span></i><span lang=EN-US>, 17-44<i>.</i> Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Hopper, P. J. & E. C. Traugott. 2003. <i>Grammaticalization. Second edition.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</span><span lang=EN-GB><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal>Kerleroux, F. 1996. <i>La coupure invisible</i>. <i>Études de syntaxe et de morphologie</i>. Villeneuve d’Ascq: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Langacker, R.W. 1987. <i>Foundations of Cognitive Grammar I : Theoretical Prerequisites</i>. Stanford CA : Stanford University Press.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Lehmann, Chr. 1995 [1982]. <i>Thoughts on grammaticalization. </i></span><span lang=DE>Munich: Lincom Europa.</span><span lang=DE><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DE>Norde, M. 2006. </span><span lang=NL>Van suffix tot telwoord tot bijwoord: degrammaticalisering en (re)grammaticalisering van <i>tig</i>. </span><i><span lang=EN-US>Tabu</span></i><span lang=EN-US> 35. 33-60.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Norde, M. 2009. <i>Degrammaticalization. </i>Oxford: Oxford University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Norde, M. & K. Van Goethem. in prep. Emancipatie van affixen en affixoïden: degrammaticalisatie of lexicalisatie? Submitted.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Traugott, E.C. & G. Trousdale. 2010. <i>Gradience, Gradualness and Grammaticalization</i>. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal>Traugott, E. C. & G. Trousdale. <span lang=EN-US>2013 (Forthc.). <i>Constructionalization and Constructional Changes</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>Trousdale G. & M. Norde. 2013. Degrammaticalization and constructionalization: two case studies. <i>Language Sciences </i>36. 32-46.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Van Goethem, K. & H. De Smet. Forthc. How nouns turn into adjectives. The emergence of new adjectives in French, English and Dutch through debonding processes. <i>Languages in Contrast.</i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>Van Goethem, K. & Ph. Hiligsmann. Forthc. When two paths converge: debonding and clipping of Dutch <i>reuze </i>‘giant; great’. <i>Journal of Germanic Linguistics.</i> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB>Van Goethem, K. & M. Hüning. 2013. Debonding of Dutch and German compounds. Paper presented at the Germanic Sandwich Conference, Leuven, Jan. 2013.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#595959;mso-fareast-language:FR-BE'>Kristel Van Goethem<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#595959;mso-fareast-language:FR-BE'>Chercheuse qualifiée F.R.S.-FNRS<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#595959;mso-fareast-language:FR-BE'>Université catholique de Louvain<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#595959;mso-fareast-language:FR-BE'>Institut Langage et Communication/Pôle Linguistique<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#595959;mso-fareast-language:FR-BE'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#595959;mso-fareast-language:FR-BE'>Collège Erasme<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#595959;mso-fareast-language:FR-BE'>Place Blaise Pascal 1, bte L3.03.33<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#595959;mso-fareast-language:FR-BE'>1348 Louvain-la-Neuve<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#595959;mso-fareast-language:FR-BE'>bureau c.383<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#595959;mso-fareast-language:FR-BE'>Tél. (0032) 10 47 48 42<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#595959;mso-fareast-language:FR-BE'><a href="mailto:kristel.vangoethem@uclouvain.be"><span style='color:#595959'>kristel.vangoethem@uclouvain.be</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#595959;mso-fareast-language:FR-BE'><a href="http://uclouvain.academia.edu/KVanGoethem"><span style='color:#595959'>http://uclouvain.academia.edu/KVanGoethem</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:FR-BE'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>