Schools count on a few Native speakers to preserve language (fwd)

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Schools count on a few Native speakers to preserve language

ATHABASCAN: To teacher Susan Paskvan, Native culture is lost without it.

By STEFAN MILKOWSKI
Fairbanks Daily News-Miner

Published: July 9, 2007
Last Modified: July 9, 2007 at 03:09 AM
http://www.adn.com/news/alaska/story/9118313p-9034643c.html

FAIRBANKS -- If Susan Paskvan had her wish, everyone in the Interior
villages along the Koyukuk River would know how to speak their native
language -- Koyukon Athabascan, or Denaakk'e.

Right now, only about 300 villagers speak it, she said, plus some who have
moved to Fairbanks. That doesn't include children.

For the last four years, Paskvan has coordinated the Yukon-Koyukuk School
District's Native language program. By videoconference from Fairbanks, she
helps teach Denaakk'e and Lower Tanana Athabascan to students in the
district's nine villages.

Other times, she'll gather up students, parents and elders and go camping
near the villages to immerse students in Athabascan language and culture.

"She just tries to grab each opportunity to use the language," said Martha
Demoski, a teacher from Nulato who has worked with Paskvan at the camps.

At one summer camp, Paskvan had students put up signs all over with the
Denaakk'e words for things and made them repeat the words for whatever they
were doing. Students made birch bark baskets, fished and kept journals in
English and Denaakk'e.

"She had a way of drawing them in and teaching the language, making sure
they learn," Demoski said. Girls would gather around her when she was doing
beadwork, and she would teach them.

Over the years, Paskvan has taught some Denaakk'e to hundreds of students.

To Paskvan, the Athabascan culture is contained in the language itself.
Athabascans believe certain animals have strong spirits. So in Denaakk'e,
boys will call a black bear by name, ses, but girls will only refer to it
indirectly -- belel daaletl'edzee, they'll say, or "the black one."

"There's so much in a language," Paskvan said. "You're not only learning a
language, you're also learning the traditional values."

Paskvan lived in Koyukuk until her family moved to Fairbanks when she was 7.
Her father, Benedict Jones, worked for the state's department of
transportation.

Her mother, Eliza Jones, taught language classes at the University of Alaska
Fairbanks and co-authored the "Koyukon Athabaskan Dictionary," a tome of
more than 1,000 pages.

Paskvan keeps a copy of the dictionary in her office. Growing up, she
learned Denaakk'e words and expressions but mostly spoke English. Her
Native name is K'etsoo, a pet name her great-grandmother gave her meaning
"somebody's grandmother."

"Onee,' " she told her new Fairbanks neighbors when they came to the door,
without knowing she was speaking Athabascan.

Paskvan graduated from West Valley High School in 1981 and went to college
at UAF, where she took classes taught by her mother. She kept her notes
from those classes, but didn't dive into Denaakk'e till later.

First, Paskvan went to work for the Tanana Chiefs Conference helping people
get title to their land under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. She
married Steve Paskvan, who teaches at West Valley, and they had two
children, Jason, 14, and Adam, 13.

"And then I realized, I have to learn this, I have to teach my kids," she
said, referring to Denaakk'e.

Paskvan signed up for a mentor-apprentice program through TCC's Interior
Athabascan Tribal College and spent two hours a day, five days a week, with
a woman named Madeline Williams, who spoke the language. Her sons went with
her.

Paskvan studied in Williams' home, rather than a classroom, and learned
words for actual objects, rather than pictures on a page. When they cooked,
she learned the words for individual ingredients and the act of mixing them.

A few years later, the Yukon-Koyukuk School District board directed the
district to provide Native language instruction in its schools.

"I went around and asked different people," Superintendent Christopher Simon
said. "(Paskvan) was just so excited about the Native language, it was like,
'Here's our person.' "

Around the same time, the district won a four-year grant from the U.S.
Department of Education to improve reading and writing skills and teach
Athabascan. The grant provided for curriculum development and the language
camps, as well as language training for teachers and teaching aides.

Now the district teaches the two Athabascan languages half an hour every day
to students in kindergarten through fourth grade. Simon said it's working.

"We hear anecdotal stories of kids, you know, when they're playing, they're
using the native language," he said.

Paskvan said the language is complex and the teachers, including herself,
are learning as they go.

Word roots are added on to convey something that could take a whole sentence
in English, she said. Kids like to learn the word edeghoyeneegheleedeneek,
which means roughly, "take care of yourself."

Paskvan co-teaches the district's language classes with her mother, Jones,
who joins the videoconferences from Koyukuk.

"I think most people want to learn their languages," she said, but it takes
lots of time, and people also want to join the work force and do other
things.

One of Paskvan's goals is to set up an interactive Web site where anyone can
go and see pictures, hear snippets of Denaakk'e, and read translations.
Another goal is to finish her master's degree, for which she's compiling a
history of the Kaltag area by telling the stories behind place names.

For now, Paskvan is working to keep the district's language programs going
after the federal grant ends this year. She said it makes her happy to go
into communities and ask kids how they're doing in Denaakk'e, and have them
respond in it.

Having kids speak the language means a lot to the elders, too, she said. "It
really gives them joy to know that it's not being lost."