<font size="6" face="Times New Roman">Tribal elder recalls Otoe
predecessors
<br /></font><font size="4" face="ARIAL"> Speaker gives lesson in
culture, language.<br /></font>
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By JASON ROSENBAUM
of the Tribunes staff
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<div class="publishdate">Published Sunday, July 3, 2005</div><p>
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Jenna Isaacson photo
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Truman Black, a full-blooded Otoe Indian, tries to recall the Otoe word
for mama while discussing tribal culture and language yesterday at
Van Meter State Park. If you dont speak it, you lose it, Black said.
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<p>MIAMI, Mo. - After taking a sip of water, Truman Black placed the
tips of his fingers against his chest and closed his eyes. He swayed
slightly as he sang a soft, deeply powerful melody.</p><p>
"The Flag Song," as Black called it, honors Otoe predecessors
who
fought for their culture at home as well as for the United States
abroad.</p><p>
"Our tribe, many a tribe, have great honor in their warriors,"
said
Black, who calls himself one of the last full-blooded Otoe American
Indians.</p><p>
Black, 68, of Oklahoma City, spoke about the Otoes history, language
and culture yesterday at Van Meter State Park, some 75 miles west of
Columbia. About a dozen people came to the event, which was sponsored
by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources.</p><p>
The Otoes originated in what is now the Upper Midwest in the 1300s or
1400s. They moved west in the 1500s to 1600s before settling in the
1750s with the Missouri and Ioway American Indians in what are now
Nebraska and Iowa.</p><p>
Connie Winfrey, historical site administrator for Van Meter State Park,
said that after the Missouri, Ioway and Otoe tribes migrated from the
Great Lakes, the Missouri Indians stayed near the Missouri River in
what is now Saline County, and the Otoes went up the river to
Nebraska.</p><p>
In the late 1700s, when the Sauk and Fox tribes defeated the Missouri
Indians, they went up the river and joined the Otoes.</p><p>
"When Lewis and Clark came through here, the Missouri Indians
werent
living here. They found them with the Otoe," Winfrey said.
"The
Missouri Indians and the Otoe were the first tribes Lewis and Clark
encountered on their trek west."</p><p>
Black said the Missouri, Ioway and Otoes share similar languages. The
Ioway language, he said, has only a handful of words with meanings that
differ from the Otoe language. The Missouri Indians spoke the same
language but at a quicker pace, he said.</p><p>
"If we got the people to slow down enough, we could understand
them," Black said.</p><p>
At its peak, Black said, the Otoe tribe had about 2,300 members. Today,
he said, there are a little more than a dozen "full-blooded"
Otoes.</p><p>
Language is the key to the preservation of culture, Black said.
"You lose your language, you lose your culture," he
said.</p><p>
Black said that because the Otoes do not have a written language, he
learned the tribes customs and language from Arthur Lightfoot, an
uncle of Ioway and Otoe descent. Black said he is among only a handful
of people who know how to speak the language.</p><p>
Black said descendants of the Otoe tribe dont know American Indian
history because their parents no longer talk about it. "They are no
longer told stories as I was when I was growing up," he
said.</p><p>
During a question-and-answer session, Black explained how to say the
word "daughter" in Otoe but struggled to recall the word for
"mama."
"If you dont speak it, you lose it," he said.</p><p>
Black also discussed his confrontations with bigotry. He told how he
was refused service in 1957 at a Ponca City, Okla., bar while wearing
his Navy uniform. The server told him that because he was an American
Indian, he could not buy beer.</p><p>
Black said he once was confined to a segregated portion of a cafe.But
he said hes never been ashamed of his heritage. "I have never had
a
reason not to be prideful of my heritage." </p><p>
He said that it was emotional remembering his past because many of the
people who know the Otoe culture are dying off.</p><p>
"Im of an age where I knew the elders that lived the culture,
still
spoke the language and were still in the cultural customs of our Indian
history," he said. "There are many people of my age today who
dont
have that spiritual feeling that I have because of knowing of the
language and the customs."</p><p> </p><hr /><i>Reach Jason
Rosenbaum at (573) 815-1723 or <a
href="mailto:jrosenbaum@tribmail.com">jrosenbaum@tribmail.com</a>.</i>