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<td height="24" bgcolor="#c0c0c0" align="center"><b>
Words help us see and talk</b>
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<br />
<b>
<table width="270" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="1" border="0"
align="left" class="newsPic"><tbody><tr><td><img style="padding: 4px;"
title="An image of the ring of colored squares."
src="cid:6ehbpmo4ev0g@www.email.arizona.edu" /><br
/><span class="txtSub" style="width: 270px; text-align: center;">An
image of the ring of colored squares.
</span></td></tr></tbody></table>The
language we speak affects half of what we see, according to researchers
at the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of
Chicago. </b>
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http://www.physorg.com/printnews.php?newsid=10413<br /><br />
Scholars have long debated whether our native language affects how we
perceive reality and whether speakers of different languages might
therefore see the world differently. The idea that language affects
perception is controversial, and results have conflicted. A paper
published this month in the <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences</i>
supports the idea but with a twist. The paper suggests that language
affects perception in the right half of the visual field, but much
less, if at all, in the left half. The paper, Whorf Hypothesis is
Supported in the Right Visual Field but not in the Left, by Aubrey
Gilbert, Terry Regier, Paul Kay, and Richard Ivry is the first to
propose that language may shape just half of our visual world. <br />
<br />Terry Regier is Associate Professor of Psychology at the
University
of Chicago. Gilbert is a graduate student in the Helen Wills
Neuroscience Institute at UC Berkeley. Kay is Professor Emeritus of
Linguistics and a senior research scientist at the International
Computer Science Institute in Berkeley. Ivry is a Professor of
Psychology, director of UC Berkeley's Institute of Cognitive and Brain
Sciences, and a member of the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute. <br />
<br />This finding is suggested by the organization of the brain, the
researchers say. Language function is processed predominantly in the
left hemisphere of the brain, which receives visual information
directly from the right visual field. So it would make sense for the
language processes of the left hemisphere to influence perception more
in the right half of the visual field than in the left half, said
Terry Regier of the University of Chicago, who proposed the idea behind
the study. <br />
<br />The team confirmed the hypothesis, through experiments designed
and
conducted in Richard Ivrys lab at the University of California,
Berkeley. We were thrilled to find this sort of effect and are very
interested in investigating it further, said Gilbert, the lead author
on the study. The hypothesis was confirmed in experiments that tested
Berkeley undergraduates, and also in an experiment that tested a
patient whose hemispheres had been surgically separated. The evening I
first reviewed the split-brain patient data I called people at home in
my excitement to share the findings, said Gilbert. <br />
<br />Many of the distinctions made in English do not appear in other
languages, and vice versa. For instance, English uses two different
words for the colors blue and green, while many other languages such
as Tarahumara, an indigenous language of Mexico instead use a single
color term that covers shades of both blue and green. An earlier study
by Paul Kay and colleagues had shown that speakers of English and
Tarahumara perceive colors differently: English speakers found blues
and greens to be more distinct from each other than speakers of
Tarahumara did, as if the English green / blue linguistic
distinction sharpened the perceptual difference between the colors
themselves. The present study essentially repeated the English part of
that earlier test, but also made sure that colors were presented to
either the right or the left half of the visual field something the
earlier study hadnt done so as to test whether language influences
the right half of our visual world more than the left half, as
predicted by brain organization. <br />
<br />In each experimental trial of the present study, participants saw
a
ring of colored squares. All the squares were of exactly the same
color, except for an odd-man-out of a different color. The
odd-man-out appeared in either the right or the left half of the
circle, and participants were asked to indicate which side of the
circle the odd-man-out was on, by making a keyboard response.
Critically, the color of this odd-man-out had either the same name as
the other squares (e.g. a shade of green, while the others were all a
different shade of green), or a different name (e.g. a shade of
blue, while the others were all a shade of green). The researchers
found that participants responded more quickly when the color of the
odd-man-out had a different name than the color of the other squares
as if the linguistic difference had heightened the perceptual
difference but this only occurred if the odd-man-out was in the right
half of the visual field, and not when it was in the left half. This
was the predicted pattern. <br />
<br />Earlier studies addressing the possible influence of language on
perception tended to look for a simple yes or no answer: either
language affects perception, or it does not. In contrast, the current
findings support both views at once. Language appears to sharpen visual
distinctions in the right visual field, and not in the left visual
field. The researchers conclude that our representation of the visual
world may be, at one and the same time, filtered and not filtered
through the categories of language. <br />
<br />Source: University of Chicago
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