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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#993366" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#993366'>We might suggest First
Nations, which also has about it the recognition that the people speaking the
language where the first to occupy a particular locale, and that the dominant language
is one of colonization. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#993366" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#993366'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#993366" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#993366'>We have to be careful
about minoritizing the languages in the names we choose for them (“lesser-used,
disadvantaged”, as Daniel suggested) because this lowers their prestige
in the eyes of people, both who use the languages and those who control the
funding for documentation and revitalization efforts. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#993366" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#993366'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#993366" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#993366'>I don’t think
anyone is saying that the languages of the people who were on this continent
first are “part of our national heritage”. Part of our problem here
has been the establishment of the belief that the First Nations now exist only
in the Smithsonian. Reports still come in about people who are surprised to
find out that there still are “real, live American Indians”. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#993366" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#993366'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#993366" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#993366'>I see the issue as one
of equity. We should speak the truth, which is NOT that the country was
discovered by Columbus who was the first person to see this unoccupied land,
but that millions of people lived here, had for millennia, and that people from
England, France and Spain came here, killed as many as they could, destroyed
the buffalo which had supplied food, clothing and shelter, and spread disease
by handing out blankets infected with smallpox. (The Army did this
deliberately, and documents still exist that document both the intent and the
action). <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#993366" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#993366'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#993366" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#993366'>So the languages are
American Indian Heritage Languages, not U.S. Heritage Languages. American
Indian People are independent nations, although because of the treaties, they
have a complex connection with the U.S. Government. Languages are just the tip
of the iceberg of a long history of Indian Agents stealing food and supplies,
becoming rich in the process while the Indians died of cold and starvation. It
is a long educational history of attempts to eradicate American Indian language,
culture and history, replacing it with English and European ways of thinking. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#993366" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#993366'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#993366" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#993366'>From what we see on
this list, the story here is not very different from the stories in <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Canada</st1:country-region>, in <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region>,
in <st1:country-region w:st="on">New Zealand</st1:country-region>, in the <st1:place
w:st="on">Soviet Union</st1:place>, in short, anywhere where Indigenous people
lived on land that had resources someone else wanted for themselves. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#993366" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#993366'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#993366" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#993366'>Mia<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#993366" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#993366'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">Indigenous Languages and Technology</st1:PersonName>
[mailto:ILAT@LISTSERV.ARIZONA.EDU] <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf
Of </span></b>Cunliffe D J (Comp)<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Thursday, February 02, 2006
2:14 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> ILAT@LISTSERV.ARIZONA.EDU<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [ILAT] NATIONAL:
National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005 (fwd)</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Hi All,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Greg Dickson wrote: </span></font><span
lang=EN-GB>is it just me or does the word 'heritage' make it sound like these
languages are something to do with the past and therefore not so relevant in
2006. Another sign our government is not taking them seriously and waiting
until they just 'go away'? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I must admit that I have
some issues with “heritage” too – not so much in the
“language x is part of our national heritage” context, but
certainly in the “x is a heritage language” context. I tend to view
“heritage language” as an American term – though I stand to
be corrected on that.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Of course this is all
well and good, so long as you can think of a more appropriate term, which is
particularly problematic when you try to come up with umbrella terms –
“regional or minority languages” anyone? How about ‘minority’,
‘lesser-used’, ‘disadvantaged', ‘threatened’,
‘endangered’, ‘indigenous’, ‘heritage’,
‘local', ‘non-state’…<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Of course all of these
have different connotations and precise definitions not easy – presumably
when I am in <st1:country-region w:st="on">England</st1:country-region>
speaking English I am speaking an indigenous language, when I am speaking
English in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Wales</st1:country-region></st1:place>…?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Be seeing you.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Daniel.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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