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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>People are always having conferences on
uses of technology for Indigenous languages. Most of them are too far away for
me to go . . . until I get a faculty position . . . <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>But imagine if people didn’t have to
choose a single sequence. Imagine if they could have it any way they want . . .
by category, pronoun (1, 2, 3, 1s, 2s, 3s), -stem, keyword, source, date. This
is all information that is usually available in English – and the Hopi –
dictionary. It’s not very hard to plop it into an Access or MS SQL data
base. They both support Indigenous fonts of the type where the characters are in
the effective sort range. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Then people could search. I have a copy of
the Carolinian dictionary. It would be cool to have this, but first, it would have
to be scanned . . . sigh. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>But I agree with Sue that we need to talk
about this more. Here is a little passage from a conference paper I did in
2001. . . Gee, I sure haven’t changed much </span></font><font size=2
color=navy face=Wingdings><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;
color:navy'>J</span></font><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=BlockQuote><font size=3 face="Book Antiqua"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>When faced with a linguistic ontology quite different from that of
European languages, John Peabody Harrington approached the issue apparently
prosaically and without a sense of ideological misunderstandings that would
follow from his mapping. “There are many ‘parts of
speech’,” he says, “each of which behaves differently, and
for which we have in English no satisfactory nomenclature. Perhaps they may all
be reduced to ‘nouns,’ ‘pronouns,’ ‘verbs,’
and ‘modifying elements’” (Harrington, 1910). This
normalization results in a loss of the data that would otherwise have defined
the true nature of the Tewa language and simultaneously requires the
“invention” of linguistic structures and rules that are not present
in Tewa, but are essential to establishing the (supposed) integrity of the
linguistic representation (Kalish, 2001).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">Indigenous Languages and Technology</st1:PersonName>
[mailto:ILAT@LISTSERV.ARIZONA.EDU] <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf
Of </span></b>Susan Penfield<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Saturday, February 25, 2006
11:15 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> ILAT@LISTSERV.ARIZONA.EDU<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [ILAT] Linguistic
Matls IN the language of study</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>All,<br>
I think the whole question of categories is something worth discussing. The
Mohave and Chemehuevi communities I am working with repeatedly requests
dictionaries organized by theme (or concept). Ideally, though much more
difficult for languages with few remaining speakers I think, the themes would
be determined by speakers (and not representative of English). For instance,
what would speakers include under a category like 'living things' ? I'm just
guessing here, but I can imagine that it might include things that English
speakers don't consider 'living' -- <br>
<br>
The importance of this is two-fold. 1) it captures traditional categories
--hence adds to language documentation and 2) it is a more user-friendly
presentation for community members to access. I'm looking at a new
software that essentially creates a Thesaurus of this type. <br>
<br>
Other thoughts?<br>
Susan<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=gmailquote><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>On 2/25/06, <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>d_z_o</span></b>
<<a href="mailto:dzo@bisharat.net">dzo@bisharat.net</a>> wrote:</span></font></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Hi Mia, Back in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Futa Jalon</st1:City>,
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Guinea</st1:country-region></st1:place> in the
mid-80's I think I saw a<br>
grammar of Pular in Pular. I know I saw a monolingual dictionary in<br>
Pular, done by a grad student in linguistics, typed and stenciled a<br>
few years earlier (I regret that I couldn't get a copy and hope that <br>
there is at least one still extant! Unfortunately don't have the<br>
reference handy).<br>
<br>
There may be more of such materials in some major languages of<br>
Africa - there is a university in <st1:place w:st="on">SW Nigeria</st1:place>
for instance where one <br>
can write theses in Yoruba, and it wouldn't surprise me if one has<br>
pertained to the language itself. This should be possible to verify<br>
if of interest.<br>
<br>
One last point is tangential, but when studying Chinese, I got the <br>
impression that the grammar as presented conformed to Western<br>
categories, whereas in a few instances I thought the feature of<br>
Chinese in question was more similar to an African language I know<br>
(one example is "present - past" vs. "accomplished - <br>
nonaccomplished" in verb tenses - the latter of which helped me<br>
understand the use of "le" better than the attempts to explain in<br>
terms of present & past). This in turn made me wonder if the Chinese <br>
materials in Chinese use original Chinese categories or whether they<br>
too conform to Western categories but in translation. So that might<br>
be another level of analysis beneath the language of presentation<br>
(but certainly you've thought of that already). <br>
<br>
Don<br>
<br>
<br>
Quoting Mia Kalish <<a href="mailto:MiaKalish@LEARNINGFORPEOPLE.US">MiaKalish@LEARNINGFORPEOPLE.US</a>>:<br>
> Hi,<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Does anyone know of any cases where the results of linguistic <br>
study of<br>
> Indigenous language have been codified IN the language of study?<br>
That would<br>
> be a grammar actually written in, for example, Navajo or<br>
Jicarilla, rather<br>
> than in English, Spanish, Dutch, Russian, etc? <br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Thanks for your help. I am currently writing in my dissertation<br>
that there<br>
> are no known cases. . . . I've never seen one, but maybe in Maori?<br>
Hawaiian?<br>
> Quecha?<br>
> <br>
><br>
><br>
> Mia<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
<br clear=all>
<br>
-- <br>
Susan D. Penfield, Ph.D.<br>
<br>
Department of English<br>
Affiliate faculty: Department of Linguistics <br>
and the Second Language Acquisition and Teaching Program<br>
American Indian Language Development Institute<br>
Phone for messages: (520) 621-1836 <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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