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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Hi, Ann, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I think your questions are fair. The
issues are simply complex. It is probably true that people are teaching Navajo
to Navajo children (myself included, except that I teach mostly adults). <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Here, at least in the Southwest and
possibly in all areas of the country, Indigenous peoples are taking control of
what’s theirs. There is an enormous sensitivity to having been ripped
off, and people don’t want to spend their scarce resources teaching
language to non-Tribal members. This is a reasonable way to go, I think. First,
there are not many fluent speakers, comparatively. Second, Indigenous languages
have been ignored, under-appreciated, and colonized, especially by the
curricular materials in schools. Third, Indigenous peoples have different views
of sharing their language and culture. Diné is published; Cochiti is
protected. There is no “general” or stereotypical approach to the language
and culture issues. Some tribes have a broad, technology-based approach, like
the Tsalagi (Cherokee), and some, like the Puebloans, frequently keep what’s
theirs to themselves. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Also, there was an enormous battle here in
New Mexico to have a place for Indigenous languages in schools. Tribes had to
fight very hard for that, and now they are fighting to certify their own
teachers. The typical educational requirements for teachers that are enforced
to not provide good language and culture teachers. Tribes have been fighting,
and are still working out the details, for the rights to identify and certify
their own teachers. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>This is all happening in a complex world
where some languages, like Puebloan languages, are not written. Others, like
Diné, have limited font, spell-check, and grammar checking. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>If you want a really good,
insider-participant’s view, contact Joseph Suina. He was at UNM. I heard
he retired. But you should be able to find him. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Good luck and don’t hesitate if you
have more questions. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Mia<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
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<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> Indigenous
Languages and Technology [mailto:ILAT@LISTSERV.ARIZONA.EDU] <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Ann Rowe<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, April 25, 2006 6:19
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> ILAT@LISTSERV.ARIZONA.EDU<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [ILAT] An American
Indian charter school plans to teach Navajo language (...</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Copperplate Gothic Light"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Light"'>I took the
reading I took from those statements which I have put in bold text from the
articles. Those all seemed to indicate that the intention was to teach
Navajo to Navajo children.<br>
<br>
I am still interested in learning why the approach seems to be to restrict the
teaching of what are, after all, local area languages only to children of a
specific cultural heritage. What is the motivation? What are the
goals related to that kind of restriction?<br>
<br>
I realize this may all sound a bit peculiar, now that I stop and think about
it. My intention is not to offend anyone, so perhaps a little detail on
me might help? <br>
<br>
I am working on preparing my prospectus for my Ph.D and it deals with
sovereignty issues among indigenous, native peoples in the territory of the
present-day United States. As you can imagine - that covers a lot of
ground. But it has come to be my opinion that, historically, one of the
definitive ways that any sovereign nation defines itself is through its
language. Among native peoples, this is coming to be more of an issue for
all the reasons noted in the articles that stimulated this discussion. As
a consequence, language revitalization has become a vital part of the
revitalization and sustenance of all native cultures in the Americas.<br>
<br>
I would simply like to find out how people think about restricting or not
restricting training in a language to members of the native population of the
language. It seems a key point in building any thorough thesis of any
sort about connections between sovereignty and language. <br>
<br>
I hope I am making sense. For example - I would love to know how and why
the choice about Cochiti was made, Mia...how all of the people involved in the
choice felt about the choice.<br>
<br>
If I have blundered somehow - please accept my apologies. <br>
Ann<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=10
FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;
background:white'>I read both articles twice, and I didn’t see where they
said they were only teaching the language to Native students. </span></font><font
color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
<br>
</span></font><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=10
FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;
background:white'>However, I was present in the ongoing discussions between the
State and Cochiti, and yes, for Cochiti, ONLY Cochiti members learn Cochiti in
the schools. </span></font><font color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black;
background:white'><br>
<br>
</span></font><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=10
FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;
background:white'>Mia</span></font><font color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black;
background:white'><br>
<br>
</span></font><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=10
FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
background:white;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black;background:white'> Indigenous Languages and Technology
[mailto:ILAT@LISTSERV.ARIZONA.EDU] <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf
Of </span></b>Ann Rowe<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, April 25, 2006 2:19
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> ILAT@LISTSERV.ARIZONA.EDU<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [ILAT] An American
Indian charter school plans to teach Navajo language (fwd)</span></font><font
color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=10
FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black;
background:white'>are they serious about <u>only</u> teaching it to Navajo
students?</span></font><font color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12
FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
<br>
</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=10
FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black;
background:white'>what are your opinions on that idea? Should indigenous
languages only be taught to persons of the respective blood heritage? If
so, what problems are there with the idea? If not, why not?</span></font><font
color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=10
FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black;
background:white'>Ann </span></font><font color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black;
background:white'><br>
</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=10
FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black;
background:white'><br>
-----Original Message-----<br>
From: phil cash cash <cashcash@EMAIL.ARIZONA.EDU><br>
To: ILAT@LISTSERV.ARIZONA.EDU<br>
Sent: Tue, 25 Apr 2006 13:11:25 -0700<br>
Subject: [ILAT] An American Indian charter school plans to teach Navajo
language (fwd)</span></font><font color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black;
background:white'><br>
<br>
</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=10
FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black;
background:white'>An American Indian charter school plans to teach Navajo
language</span></font><font color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12
FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
<br>
</span></font><b><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=10 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;
color:black;background:white;font-weight:bold'>By <a
href="javascript:parent.ComposeTo('sgran@abqtrib.com');">Susie Gran</a><br>
<i><span style='font-style:italic'>Tribune Reporter</span></i></span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;
color:black;background:white'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>April 25, 2006</span></b></span></font><font
color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
....<br>
</span></font><b><font color=black BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SERIF><span
style='color:black;background:white;font-weight:bold'>NAVAJO TEACHERS IN CITY
SCHOOLS</span></font></b><font color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12
FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'> <br>
<br>
</span></font><b><font color=black BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SERIF><span
style='color:black;background:white;font-weight:bold'>Navajo children in these
schools are learning their native language</span></font></b><font color=black><span
style='color:black;background:white'>: </span></font><font color=black
face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-family:
Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
</span></font><b><font color=black BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SERIF><span
style='color:black;background:white;font-weight:bold'>La Mesa Elementary </span></font></b><font
color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
</span></font><b><font color=black BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SERIF><span
style='color:black;background:white;font-weight:bold'>Lowell Elementary </span></font></b><font
color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
</span></font><b><font color=black BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SERIF><span
style='color:black;background:white;font-weight:bold'>Painted Sky Elementary </span></font></b><font
color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
</span></font><b><font color=black BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SERIF><span
style='color:black;background:white;font-weight:bold'>Manzano High </span></font></b><font
color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
</span></font><b><font color=black BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SERIF><span
style='color:black;background:white;font-weight:bold'>Rio Grande High </span></font></b><font
color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
</span></font><b><font color=black BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SERIF><span
style='color:black;background:white;font-weight:bold'>West Mesa High </span></font></b><font
color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
</span></font><b><font color=black BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SERIF><span
style='color:black;background:white;font-weight:bold'>Cibola High</span></font></b><font
color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'> <br>
</span></font><font color=black BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SERIF><span
style='color:black;background:white'>In August, the new Native American
Academy, to be located at Wilson Middle School, will also offer Navajo language
instruction. </span></font><font color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black;
background:white'><br>
</span></font><i><font color=black BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SERIF><span
style='color:black;background:white;font-style:italic'>Source: Albuquerque
Public Schools ...</span></font></i><font color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black;
background:white'><br>
<br>
</span></font><b><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=10 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;
color:black;background:white;font-weight:bold'>Johnson's goal for her Navajo
kindergarteners at La Mesa is that they speak Navajo fluently by the time they
leave fifth grade. </span></font></b><font color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black;
background:white'><br>
...<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black;background:white'><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=10 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;
color:black;background:white;font-weight:bold'>"They are asking us for our
best and brightest," said Joseph Suina, director of a 2-year-old program
designed for American Indians who want to teach in their tribes or pueblos.
"We have identified people we'll recommend highly." <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=10 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;
color:black;background:white'><br>
</span></font><font color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12
FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
</span></font><font size=2 color=black face="Copperplate Gothic Light"
BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=10 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Light";color:black;background:white'>...</span></font><font
color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=10 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;
color:black;background:white;font-weight:bold'>The scholarship program receives
$900,000 annually from the Public Education Department for scholarships to
encourage American Indians to pursue teaching careers. Those enrolled must
spend at least three years teaching in their pueblos or tribes. </span></font></b><font
color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black;background:white'><br>
...<br>
<br>
</span></font><b><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=10 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;
color:black;background:white;font-weight:bold'>At Sandia Pueblo, two teachers
are bringing the Tiwa language to about 80 children in preschool and
after-school programs at the pueblo.</span></font></b><font size=2 color=black
face=Verdana><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black;
background:white'> </span></font><font color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black;
background:white'><br>
...<br>
<br>
</span></font><b><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=10 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;
color:black;background:white;font-weight:bold'>Only one Navajo parent in the
past two years did not sign the permission form required to enroll children in
Johnson's language classes. </span></font></b><font color=black face=Arial
BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-family:Arial;
color:black;background:white'><br>
...<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black;background:white'><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=10 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;
color:black;background:white'>Copyright 2006, The Albuquerque Tribune. All
Rights Reserved.</span></font><font color=black face=Arial BACK="#ffffff"
PTSIZE=12 FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black;
background:white'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Arial BACK="#ffffff" PTSIZE=10
FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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