<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><P style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#FF0000" face="Verdana"><B>Native American language renewal</B></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 14.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>by Jon Reyhner</B></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 11px/normal Verdana; min-height: 13px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="mailto:Jon.Reyhner@nau.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Jon.Reyhner@nau.edu</SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> According to Michael Krauss of the Alaska Native Language Center, there are 210 different indigenous languages still spoken by American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States and Canada out of the over 300 spoken before the arrival of Columbus. These languages have survived suppression in boarding schools and catastrophic population declines.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">The question today is how much longer will these remaining languages survive. Children are no longer routinely being punished for speaking them in schools, but ironically many are not speaking them now that they can. Today, English language movies, television, and videotapes are doing what a century of washing mouths out with soap in boarding schools could not accomplish.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Krauss's research indicates that only 35 of the remaining languages in the United States and Canada are still being spoken by children. When children are no longer learning a language, the language is dying. <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> The indigenous language revitalization resources presented here concentrate on organizations, web sites, and more recent publications that are likely to be readily available on the internet, in bookstores and university libraries, or by interlibrary loan.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 14.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>PROGRAMS AND ORGANIZATIONS</B></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">American Indian Languages Development Institute (AILDI) </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">An annual summer training institute for indigenous language teachers and activists. A summary of the 20-year history of AILDI can be found at <<A href="http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/TIL_9.html">http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/TIL_9.html</A>>. For more information contact Karen Francis Begay, AILDI Coordinator; University of Arizona; Department of Language, Reading and Culture; P.O. Box 210069, Tucson, AZ 85721-0069. Phone 520/621-1068. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:kfbegay@u.arizona.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">kfbegay@u.arizona.edu</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="http://w3.arizona.edu/~aisp/aildi.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">http://w3.arizona.edu/~aisp/aildi.html</SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Endangered Language Fund (ELF) <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> ELF supports with small grants efforts by Native communities or scholars to do endangered language related work, such as preserving the texts of a Native culture, developing videotaped language instruction, and "generation skipping" language learning. For more information contact ELF, Department of linguistics, Yale University, P. O. Box 208236, New Haven, CT 06520-8236. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:elf@haskins.yale.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">elf@haskins.yale.edu</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><A href="http://sapir.ling.yale.edu/~elf/index.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://sapir.ling.yale.edu/~elf/index.html</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Foundation for Endangered Languages (FEL) <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> FEL publishes a newsletter, holds annual meetings, and supports efforts to preserve indigenous languages with small grants. For more information contact FEL, Batheaston Villa, 172 Bailbrook Lane, Bath BA1 7AA, England. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:nostler@chibcha.demon.co.uk"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">nostler@chibcha.demon.co.uk</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><A href="http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Philosophy/CTLL/FEL/"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Philosophy/CTLL/FEL/</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Institute for the Preservation of the Endangered Languages of the Americas (IPOLA) <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> IPOLA collaborates with indigenous communities to revitalize and perpetuate the languages and culture of the original inhabitants of the Americas. For more information contact IPOLA, 560 Montezuma Ave. 201-A, Santa Fe, NM 87501. Phone 505/820-0316. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:ipola@ipola.org"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">ipola@ipola.org</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><A href="http://www.ipola.org/"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://www.ipola.org/</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">The Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas (SSILA) <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> SSILA was founded in 1981 as an international scholarly organization representing American Indian linguistics. Membership is open to anyone interested in the scientific study of the languages of the Native peoples of Americas. Publishes a quarterly newsletter and a monthly e-mail bulletin. For more information contact SSILA, P.O. Box 555, Arcata, CA 95518. Phone 707/826-4324. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:gollav@axe.humboldt.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">gollav@axe.humboldt.edu</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><A href="http://www.ssila.org/"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://www.ssila.org</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 14.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>VIDEOS</B></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">E Ola Ka '0lelo Hawai'i. (1997). 'Aha Punana Leo (P.O. Box 1265 Kea'au, HI 96749). Describes the most successful effort for indigenous language revitalization in the U.S. It tells the story of over a century of decline for the Hawaiian language and the revival of its use in the past two decades. Through interviews, archival footage, and visits to Hawaiian language immersion classrooms, this video makes a powerful statement about the value of the Hawaiian language and culture for Native Hawaiians. The videotape describes how they learned about Maori "language nest" immersion preschools, implemented them in Hawaii, and then expanded Hawaiian language immersion instruction into the public schools of Hawaii by getting state English-only laws changed. Winner of two Canadian film festival awards. In Hawaiian with English subtitles, 28 minutes. $12.95. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:hauoli@leoki.uhh.hawaii.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">hauoli@leoki.uhh.hawaii.edu</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="http://www.ahapunanaleo.org/index.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">http://www.ahapunanaleo.org/index.html</SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Transitions. (1991). Native Voice Public Television Workshop (VCB Room 172, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717). This film by Blackfeet producers explores the relationship between languages, thoughts, and culture and examines the impact of language loss in Native American communities. The film chronicles the loss of the Blackfeet language from 1890 to 1990. The film also illustrates the commonality of language loss amongst Indian tribes and other ethnic groups in America. A study guide to this video is available at <BR></SPAN></FONT><A href="http://visions.montana.edu/NativeVoices/docs/StudyGuides/transitions.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://visions.montana.edu/NativeVoices/docs/StudyGuides/transitions.html</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> 30 minutes, VHS educational use $99.95. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:nv@kusm.montana.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">nv@kusm.montana.edu </FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><A href="http://visions.montana.edu/NativeVoices/docs/Films/index.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://visions.montana.edu/NativeVoices/docs/Films/index.html </FONT></A> <BR> </DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 14.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>INTERNET INDEXES, SITES, AND DISCUSSION GROUPS</B></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Endangered-Languages-L Forum</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> This e-mail list with associated web pages provides a world-wide communications vehicle and a central electronic archive for anyone working on or interested in the study and documentation of endangered languages. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:white.cloud@bigpond.com"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">white.cloud@bigpond.com</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="http://carmen.murdoch.edu.au/lists/endangered-languages-l/"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">http://carmen.murdoch.edu.au/lists/endangered-languages-l/</SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Index of Native American Language Resources on the Internet <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> One of the most comprehensive indexes of Native American language web sites. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:www@hanksville.org"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">www@hanksville.org</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><A href="http://www.hanksville.org/NAresources/indices/NAlanguage.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://www.hanksville.org/NAresources/indices/NAlanguage.html</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Language Policy <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> This site has extensive information about language policy issues in the United States, including those related to endangered Native American languages. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:jwcrawford@compuserve.com"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">jwcrawford@compuserve.com</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><A href="http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/JWCRAWFORD/"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/JWCRAWFORD/</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Native American Languages Links <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> Linguist Wayne Lehman maintains this site with over 80 useful links to web sites on specific American Indian languages. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:wleman@mcn.net"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">wleman@mcn.net</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><A href="http://www.mcn.net/~wleman/langlinks.htm"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://www.mcn.net/~wleman/langlinks.htm</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Native American Language Resources <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> This site is maintained by the Center for Multilingual, Multicultural Research at the University of Southern California and has links to sites and full text publications concerning Native American languages. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:cmmr@rcf.usc.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">cmmr@rcf.usc.edu</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><A href="http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~cmmr/Native_American.html#language%20resources"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~cmmr/Native_American.html#language resources</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Teaching Indigenous Languages <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> An extensive collection of materials on revitalizing and teaching American Indian languages. It reproduces in full text the printed proceedings of the 1989 Native American Language Issues conference and the 1997 and 1998 Stabilizing Indigenous Languages conferences. It also contains over 50 columns on American Indian/Alaska Native Bilingual Education from the newsletter of the National Association of Bilingual Education. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:Jon.Reyhner@nau.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">Jon.Reyhner@nau.edu</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> <BR></SPAN></FONT><A href="http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/TIL.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/TIL.html</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 14.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>BOOKS, MONOGRAPHS, AND CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS</B></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Cantoni, Gina. (Ed.). (1996). Stabilizing indigenous languages. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University. 240pp.</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">The proceedings of the 1994 and 1995 Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Symposiums, which brought together tribal language activists and educators as well as experts on linguistics, language renewal, and language teaching. Contains sections on needs and rationale, language policy, families and communities, and education and the text of the Native American Languages Act of 1990. The articles by Joshua Fishman on "What Do You Lose When You Lose Your Language?" and "Maintaining Languages: What Works? What Doesn't?" are of special interest. A full text internet copy of this publication can be found at </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://www.ncbe.gwu.edu/miscpubs/stabilize/index.htm"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://www.ncbe.gwu.edu/miscpubs/stabilize/index.htm</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Fishman, Joshua. (1991). Reversing language shift: Empirical and theoretical foundations of assistance to threatened languages. Clevdon, UK: Multilingual Matters. 431 pp. <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> This is the classic study of endangered language revitalization efforts worldwide, including Navajo in North America. It is a must-read for anyone interested in the subject.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Hinton, Leanne. (1994). Flutes of fire: Essays on California Indian languages. Berkeley, CA: Heyday Books. 270pp. <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> This book originally appeared as columns in News from Native California and includes information on both the beauty and uniqueness of indigenous languages and the Master Apprentice Model for passing on endangered indigenous languages from elders to young adults.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Hornberger, Nancy. (Ed.). (1996). Indigenous literacies in the Americas: Language planning from the bottom up. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 393 pp. <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> Has sections on North America and Meso America. North American chapters address efforts by Navajo, Cochiti Pueblo, and others. To contact Mouton de Gruyter, phone 914/747-0110 or e-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:customerservice@degruyterny.com"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">customerservice@degruyterny.com</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">McLaughlin, Daniel. (1992). When literacy empowers: Navajo language in print. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 216 pp. <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> Describes a model bilingual school and the community it serves in the Navajo Nation. The school teaches reading and writing in the Navajo language in both elementary and high school. The first chapter discusses theory and is somewhat difficult reading. Subsequent chapters are easier reading and provide fascinating information from school board members, school administrators, local tribal officials, and students on the topic of teaching Navajo. A review of this book can be found in the Spring/Summer 1997 issue of the Bilingual Research Journal, 21(2) at </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://brj.asu.edu/articles/gourd.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://brj.asu.edu/articles/gourd.html</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Reyhner, Jon. (Ed.). (1997). Teaching indigenous languages. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University. 323 pp. <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> Proceedings of the 1997 Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Symposium. Has 25 papers on tribal and school roles, teaching students, teacher education, curriculum and materials development, language attitudes and promotion, and overviews of the topic. A full text version of this publication can be found at </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/TIL_Contents.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/TIL_Contents.html</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Reyhner, Jon. (Ed.). (1992). Teaching American Indian students. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 328 pp. <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> Contains information on the historical suppression of American Indian languages in schools and modern efforts at using American Indian languages in bilingual education programs. The foreword is by U.S. Sen. Ben Nighthorse Campbell.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Reyhner, Jon. (Ed.). (1990). Effective language education practices and Native language survival (Proceedings of the 9th annual NALI Institute). (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 342 512) <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> Eleven papers from the 1989 Native American Language Issues conference, including papers on Rock Point Community School and Maori adult language revitalization efforts and papers by Richard Littlebear and James Crawford. A full text version of this publication can be found at </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/NALI_Contents.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/NALI_Contents.html</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> Reyhner, Jon; Cantoni, Gina; St. Clair, Robert; & Yazzie, Evangeline Parsons. (1999). Revitalizing indigenous languages. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University. 140 pp. + xx. <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> Proceedings of the 1998 Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Symposium. The introduction to this volume provides an up-to-date overview of tribal language revitalization efforts. Its 11 papers describe language revitalization efforts and the use of writing and technology in those efforts. A full text version of this publication can be found at </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/RIL_Contents.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/RIL_Contents.html</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Silver, Shirley & Wick, R. Miller. (1997) American Indian languages: Cultural and social contexts. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. 433 pp. + xix. <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> A somewhat technical general introduction to American Indian languages and linguistics and the cultural and social domains in which these languages live.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 14.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>SPECIAL ISSUES OF JOURNALS</B></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Boyer, Paul. (Ed.). (1993, Spring). The pattern of language. special issue of Tribal College Journal, 4(4). 34 pp. </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Includes "Finding a place for Navajo" by Clay Slate, "Healing the generations: For one family, a language is lost and rediscovered" by Eric Haase, "Lakota language survival and restoration" by Lydia Whirlwind Soldier, and "A specialized knowledge base for teaching American Indian and Alaska Native students" by Jon Reyhner, Harry Lee, and David Gabbard.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Henze, Rosemary & Davis, Kathryn. (Eds.) (1999, March). Authenticity and identity: Lessons from indigenous language education. Special issue of Anthropology and Education, 30(1). 124 pp. <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> Contains five articles that discuss lessons from Alaska, California, and Hawai'i.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Kirkness, Virginia. (Ed.). (1989). Language is a gift from the Creator. Special issue of Canadian Journal of Native Education, 16(2). 112 pp. <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> A valuable resource, especially Elizabeth A. Brandt and Vivian A Youngman's "Language renewal and language maintenance: a practical guide" (pp. 42-77) and Augie Fleras's "Te kohanga reo: a Maori renewal program in New Zealand" (pp. 78-88).</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> McCarty, Teresa L. & Zepeda, Ofelia. (Eds.). (1995, Winter), Indigenous language education and literacy. Special issue Bilingual Research Journal, 19(1). 213 pp. <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> Contains 13 useful articles in four sections: 1) Conceptualizing indigenous literacies, 2) The status of indigenous languages in the U.S. and Canada," 3) Models of indigenous language education, 4) Synthesis and discussion: the role of indigenous communities in language and culture renewal.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">McCarty, Teresa L. & Zepeda, Ofelia. (Eds.). (1998). Indigenous language use and change in the Americas. Special issue The International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 132. 208 pp. <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> Articles assess the status and role of indigenous languages in the Americas. It has a special focus on the ideological and social forces that influence their use and vitality, with many of the contributions being Native speakers. Part 1 addresses indigenous languages in the USA. Part 2 has six articles on indigenous languages in Mexico and Latin America. Ordering information: $46.00 US from Mouton de Gruyter, 200 Saw Mill River Rd, Hawthorne, NY 10532.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">McCarty, Teresa L., Watahomigie, Lucille J., & Yamamoto, Akira Y. (Eds.). (1999). Reversing language shift in indigenous America: Collaborations and views from the field. Special issue of Practicing Anthropology, 21(2). 60 pp. <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> Includes eight articles by prominent and less known language scholars addressing case studies and language ethics. Cost is $5.00 US from SfAA, P.O. Box 24083, Oklahoma City, OK 73124. Phone 405/843-5113. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:sfaa@telepath.com"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">sfaa@telepath.com</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Poggie, Jr., John J. (1988). Indian language renewal. Special section of Human Organization, 47(4), 283-353. <BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> Contains seven articles on Indian language renewal. Of special interest are William L. Leap's "Applied linguistics and Indian language renewal" (pp. 283-291) and Elizabeth A. Brandt's "Applied linguistic anthropology and American Indian language renewal" (pp. 322-329).</SPAN></FONT></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 14.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>ONLINE ARTICLES, CHAPTERS & PAPERS</B></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Crawford, James. (1998). Endangered Native American languages: What is to be done, and why? In Thomas Ricento & Barbara Burnaby (Eds.), Language and politics in the U.S. and Canada: Myths and realities. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:jwcrawford@compuserve.com"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">jwcrawford@compuserve.com</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/JWCRAWFORD/brj.htm"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/JWCRAWFORD/brj.htm</SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">McCarty, Teresa L. (1994). Bilingual education policy and the empowerment of American Indian communities. The Journal of Educational Issues of Language Minority Students, 14, 23-42. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:akindler@ncbe.gwu.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">akindler@ncbe.gwu.edu</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="http://www.ncbe.gwu.edu/miscpubs/jeilms/vol14/mccarty.htm"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">http://www.ncbe.gwu.edu/miscpubs/jeilms/vol14/mccarty.htm</SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">McCarty, Teresa L. & Dick, Galena Sells. (1996). Mother tongue literacy and language renewal: the case of Navajo. Literacy online: Proceedings of the 1996 World Conference on Literacy. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:wagner@literacy.upenn.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">wagner@literacy.upenn.edu</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="http://www.literacyonline.org/products/ili/webdocs/ilproc/ilprocMc.htm"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">http://www.literacyonline.org/products/ili/webdocs/ilproc/ilprocMc.htm</SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Reyhner, Jon. (1993). American Indian language policy and school success. The Journal of Educational Issues of Language Minority Students, 12, Special Issue III, 35-59. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:Jon.Reyhner@nau.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">Jon.Reyhner@nau.edu</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/BOISE.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/BOISE.html</SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Reyhner, Jon & Tennant, Edward. (1995.) Maintaining and renewing Native languages. Bilingual Research Journal, 19(2), 279-304. E-mail </SPAN></FONT><A href="mailto:Jon.Reyhner@nau.edu"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#333366">Jon.Reyhner@nau.edu</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/Main.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/Main.html</SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><I>Jon Reyhner is co-editor of Revitalizing Indigenous Languages (1999) and editor of Teaching Indigenous Languages (1997), Teaching American Indian Students (1992), and Effective Language Education Practices (1990). Currently he teaches bilingual multicultural education courses at Northern Arizona University.</I></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Copyright © 2001-2006</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Tribal College Journal</SPAN></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>