<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/education/20060627-9999-1m27moro.html"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/education/20060627-9999-1m27moro.html</SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 11.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11.7px;"><B>UCSD grad students end two-year language study</B></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;"><B>By Sarah Gordon</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">UNION-TRIBUNE</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">June 27, 2006</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">At UCSD, a group of linguistics graduate students recently wrapped up a two-year investigation of an esoteric language few others had studied: Moro, one of dozens of tribal tongues spoken in the Nuba Mountains of Central Sudan.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><BR><IMG src="cid:CE431F42-5511-460E-ABD5-38FBB1D7887B@local"><TABLE width="290.0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 290.0px; padding: 2.0px 0.0px 2.0px 0.0px"><TBODY><TR><TD valign="middle" style="width: 282.0px; margin: 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px; padding: 0.0px 2.0px 0.0px 2.0px"><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Arial; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: right;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">NANCEE E. LEWIS / Union-Tribune</FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: auto;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Elyasir Julima of Sudan listened to a question about his native language, Moro, during a UCSD linguistics class earlier this month. Julima attended the class twice a week to help graduate students studying the dying language.</FONT></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">Twice a week, Elyasir Julima, a Sudanese refugee living in City Heights, came to class and spoke while students toiled to develop a description of Moro's tone system and grammar.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">Linguists say there may be more than 6,500 languages spoken around the world.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">So why spend two years on Moro?</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">“It trains them to work on any language they haven't encountered,” said UCSD's associate professor of linguistics, Sharon Rose, who co-taught the field methods class.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">Besides, evidence indicates that Moro may be endangered.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">Students in the class think that would be a shame.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">“The language contains a lot of information about the area, the culture, its history,” student George Gibbard said.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">In Moro, for example, the word for “farmer” is the same as the word for “man.” In the Nuba Mountains, agriculture is so pervasive, almost every man is also a farmer.</SPAN></FONT></P><BR><IMG src="cid:B9C62B0C-CF29-4B91-88FB-60B3376DBF5A@local"><TABLE width="290.0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 290.0px; padding: 2.0px 0.0px 2.0px 0.0px"><TBODY><TR><TD valign="middle" style="width: 282.0px; margin: 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px; padding: 0.0px 2.0px 0.0px 2.0px"><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Arial; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: right;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">NANCEE E. LEWIS / Union-Tribune</FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: auto;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">George Gibbard, a UCSD graduate student, wrote sentences in Moro as part of his class' study on the language, spoken in Central Sudan.</FONT></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">Linguistics is the scientific study of language. It can be a highly theoretical field, and a minority of linguistics graduate programs in the country require hands-on courses in documenting and unraveling little-studied languages. However, the UCSD-required class has been an essential part of the school's program for decades.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">The skills to decode rare, endangered and minority languages are of increasing importance to linguists, say academics in the field.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">The reasons are twofold. For one, linguists want to build databases that take advantage of modern computing's power to run complex language comparisons.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">“Since linguists are always trying to figure out the relationship between language and the mind, every bit of evidence we have gives us information,” said Farrell Ackerman, a professor who co-taught the field methods class with Rose. “If we only documented English, we'd have a very peculiar view of this relationship.”</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">Linguists also want to document languages before it's too late. Increasing globalization and industrialization make many languages vulnerable to obsolescence.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">Rose says tribal speech can die within a couple of generations once speakers come in contact with a tongue from a more dominant and economically powerful group.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">The status of Moro is unknown because civil war in Sudan has kept linguists away for decades. But Rose says evidence suggests that it is threatened. Arabic is Sudan's government-endorsed language in schools and trade, and villages where Moro used to thrive have been torn apart by war.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px; font: 10.0px Arial; min-height: 11.0px"><BR></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Arial; min-height: 11px; "><BR></DIV><BR><IMG src="cid:78625763-D47D-44B3-86BD-6A62BD3639C3@local"><TABLE width="306.0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 306.0px; padding: 1.0px 0.0px 1.0px 0.0px"><TBODY><TR><TD colspan="2" valign="middle" style="width: 300.0px; margin: 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px; padding: 0.0px 1.0px 0.0px 1.0px"><TABLE width="300.0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 300.0px"><TBODY><TR><TD colspan="2" valign="middle" style="width: 300.0px; padding: 0.0px 5.0px 0.0px 5.0px"><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Arial; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR><IMG src="cid:86D78340-90A3-419D-A919-222ED226C5ED@local"><TABLE width="306.0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 306.0px; padding: 1.0px 0.0px 1.0px 0.0px"><TBODY><TR><TD colspan="2" valign="middle" style="width: 300.0px; margin: 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px; padding: 0.0px 1.0px 0.0px 1.0px"><TABLE width="300.0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 300.0px"><TBODY><TR><TD rowspan="2" valign="middle" style="width: 17.0px; padding: 0.0px 5.0px 0.0px 5.0px"><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Arial; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV></TD><TD valign="middle" style="width: 283.0px; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0.0px 5.0px 0.0px 5.0px"><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;">Advertisement</SPAN></FONT></DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD valign="middle" style="width: 283.0px; padding: 0.0px 5.0px 0.0px 5.0px"><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Arial; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD colspan="2" valign="middle" style="width: 300.0px; margin: 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px; padding: 0.0px 1.0px 0.0px 1.0px"><DIV style="text-align: right;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Arial; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><DIV style="text-align: auto;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">With its speakers dead or dispersed, the language might easily die too, Rose says.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">The UCSD class has a history of helping to revitalize threatened languages close to home: those of American Indians.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">Longtime faculty member Margaret Langdon, who died last year, devoted her career to helping the Kumeyaay band of American Indians document and teach young people their traditionally oral language.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">Over the years, she inspired many graduate students at UCSD. One wrote a three-volume dictionary of Luiseño. Another organizes a yearly collaborative conference between American Indians and linguists at UC Berkeley.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">Still, even Langdon doubted that little-used languages could ever be completely restored.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">“She was always of the opinion that no matter what they did, it was probably a losing battle,” Rose said.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">Ackerman and Rose nonetheless hope their work will eventually enrich Moro-speaking communities in Sudan.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">They plan to apply for a grant to continue studying the language and would ultimately like to produce learning materials in Moro, like children's books or a dictionary.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">“Whatever the research we do should also have a practical benefit for the community,” Ackerman said.</SPAN></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>