<div>Thanks for this, Natasha -- point well taken. The background noise issue is certainly something</div>
<div>that field linguists always have to deal with and consider. The bottom line, for endangered language</div>
<div>work at least, is still that any recording is better than none. I wouldn't want anyone to wait to have the</div>
<div>perfect equipment while letting the perfect opportunity slip away.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>S.<br><br> </div>
<div><span class="gmail_quote">On 7/24/07, <b class="gmail_sendername">Natasha L Warner</b> <<a href="mailto:nwarner@u.arizona.edu">nwarner@u.arizona.edu</a>> wrote:</span>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">Hi,<br><br>before we totally write off all compressed data that already exists, let's<br>think twice. Sure, if you're choosing at the beginning of a project, it's
<br>probably far better to just record uncompressed in the first place. But<br>if data exists that was recorded in a compressed format, that doesn't make<br>it useless, it depends greatly on what you're going to be measuring.
<br>Pitch, for example, is extremely robust, even under atrocious recording<br>conditions and with poor equipment. One of the few things that will make<br>pitch unmeasurable is overlapping voices (or other periodic sound sources)
<br>where the one you're trying to measure is not substantially louder than<br>the others. But considering that you can measure pitch even with shocking<br>amounts of background noise, or an extremely clipped signal, I'd be
<br>surprised if you couldn't measure it pretty reliably on mp3 data. On the<br>other hand, if you want to measure voice quality (creaky voice, breathy<br>voice, etc.), then you need to know that you have a really reliable
<br>recording that didn't mess with the spectral tilt. But at that point,<br>position of the mic relative to the mouth is also going to be pretty<br>important.<br><br>A few years ago when the compression at issue was minidiscs, I
<br>heard that a few phoneticians, including Ian Maddieson, did a test of<br>compressed vs. uncompressed recordings and couldn't find a difference in<br>any part of the signal they were interested in. They concluded the
<br>compression wasn't so bad. Of course, I'd rather know I have uncompressed<br>data so I just don't have to worry about it. But given a choice of using<br>existing compressed data or starting over, I would look at the signal and
<br>see what looked measurable and what didn't, keeping the compression in<br>mind.<br><br>Also, it's worth considering that in many field recording situations, the<br>background noise (whether it's airplanes, construction noise, chickens,
<br>kids, crickets, refrigerator hum, a college cafeteria, or a preschool<br>setting--I've run into all of these at least indirectly, for acoustic<br>phonetics work) is going to contribute a whole lot more problems to the
<br>signal than the compression creates. And sometimes we do work with data<br>collected over the phone, which limits the signal a lot more than<br>compression does. So my personal approach would be to use a reasonably<br>
good headmounted mic, get it as close to the speaker's mouth as possible,<br>make sure any other noise sources are far further from the mic than the<br>speaker's mouth is, and record uncompressed if possible. It would also be
<br>nice to have a clearer understanding than I do at this point of just what<br>we lose during the compression.<br><br>Thanks for the discussion, everyone,<br><br>Natasha Warner<br><br>*******************************************************************************
<br>Natasha Warner<br>Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics<br>University of Arizona<br>PO Box 210028<br>Tucson, AZ 85721-0028<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>____________________________________________________________
<br>Susan D. Penfield, Ph.D.<br><br>Associate Director, Center for Educational Resources in Culture, Language and Literacy (CERCLL)<br>Department of English (Primary) <br>American Indian Language Development Institute (AILDI)
<br>Second Language Acquisition & Teaching Ph.D. Program (SLAT)<br>Department of Language,Reading and Culture<br>Department of Linguistics<br>The Southwest Center (Research)<br>Phone for messages: (520) 621-1836<br><br>
<br>"Every language is an old-growth forest of the mind, a watershed of thought, an ecosystem of spiritual possibilities." <br> <br> Wade Davis...(on a Starbucks cup...)