<div>All,</div>
<div>Natasha makes some great points here -- among them is the fact that there is a real</div>
<div>disconnect between communities who want and need linguists and linguists who want</div>
<div>to work at the community level, but are often frustrated by the powers that be at the institution they</div>
<div>work for. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>More education is needed at the community level about what / who</div>
<div>can best serve their needs --understanding the difference between theoretical linguists, descriptive </div>
<div>linguists, field linguists (who wear many hats) and applied linguists. Further, how to find a linguist</div>
<div>who is familar with the language, or related languages -- and how to get a good reference for a good linguist. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>And, there needs to be more general support for revitalization activities among funding agencies and institutions</div>
<div>alike. We all understand, I think, that documentation activities are more well defined and exacting -- more easy</div>
<div>to report on and quantify. However, communities are crying out for more support of revitalization -- both those with</div>
<div>'dormant' languages, those with still active languages. They need support for teachers, materials development, </div>
<div>money to hire the appropriate linguist, etc...and this type of funding is hard to come by in the amounts usually</div>
<div>needed. Wish I had a solution; all I can do is offer this observation: Seems like, with more documentation projects</div>
<div>under way these days, that agencies should logically follow with funds to help spin this work into materials for</div>
<div>revitalization....perhaps wishful thinking on my part...</div>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Susan<br><br> </div>
<div><span class="gmail_quote">On 10/28/07, <b class="gmail_sendername">Natasha L Warner</b> <<a href="mailto:nwarner@u.arizona.edu">nwarner@u.arizona.edu</a>> wrote:</span>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">Hi,<br><br>I've been out of town and am just now picking up on this interesting<br>discussion about analysis of existing (archival) data vs. new data
<br>collection.<br><br>I agree with the things Bill said _if_ the language still has fluent<br>speakers, which is the situation he was addressing. (I especially<br>agree about all the problems with archival data itself that he listed,
<br>since I work with it!) However, if we look at the bigger picture of<br>archival data vs./and new data collection across languages, there is<br>another issue. I work on revitalization of a dormant California language,
<br>Mutsun, through archival data. There hasn't been a fluent speaker since<br>1930, but the community has been working on revitalization since 1996, and<br>is making good but slow progress.<br><br>For Mutusn, we desparately needed funding in order to enter thousands of
<br>pages of Harrington microfilm data into a database and analyze it, in<br>order to make a good dictionary and teaching materials. We've been told<br>by various funding agencies that they won't fund revitalization, they'll
<br>only fund new data collection from living speakers. I see a couple of<br>reasons for this: 1) the idea that you have to get the data from living<br>speakers while they're alive, so that's a higher priority, whereas
<br>existing archival data won't change, and 2) the emphasis of the field of<br>linguistics on getting data to answer theoretical questions, more than to<br>help the community increase use of their language. (Analysis of archival
<br>data might be funded for theoretical purposes, but not to run community<br>language-learning workshops or to write a textbook.)<br><br>I understand the motivation on point 1 (higher priority if speakers are<br>elderly), but work on archival data can't just be done later, either.
<br>The reason is that the community, right now, has motivation, people who<br>have gained skills to work on language, and just plain momentum. It's<br>cruel to tell them "Sorry, you're low priority because your language is
<br>already dead [we say "dormant"]), please come back in 20-30 years, because<br>then maybe everybody else's language will be in as bad a shape as yours,<br>and we can afford to give you the money then." I completely understand
<br>that resouces for both documentation and revitalization are very, very<br>limited, and one has to make choices. However, from the position of<br>applying for grants to get the data out of Harrington into usable form,
<br>being told that the language is dead and therefore unfundable has been<br>extremely frustrating.<br><br>As for the second point above, about collecting data for linguistic theory<br>vs. collecting or analyzing data for the community's benefit, I really do
<br>believe that one gets both benefits (data for theory and for community<br>use) out of analyzing a large set of archival materials, if there isn't<br>any source of new data available for the language. But many granting
<br>agencies just have "documentation" as the scope of their funding mission.<br>I also understand that granting agencies define what they're interested in<br>funding, and of course they have every right to do so. Again, it's just
<br>frustrating.<br><br>By the way, we did eventually get funding to analyze the Harrington data:<br>from the NEH's Preservation and Access program, which tries to make<br>materials of cultural or historical importance more accessible. Putting
<br>handwritten microfilmed unanalyzed field data into a database makes it<br>accessible. The grant program isn't specific to language at all.<br><br>So my overall point is that in addition to considering priorities within
<br>one language, we should also look at how resources and energy get<br>allocated across languages. The archival analysis vs. new data decision<br>is different if we look across languages, unless we're willing to tell all
<br>the dormant language communities to just forget about it and stop trying.<br><br>Oh, one more thing: Bill, you mention there being no shortage of<br>linguists willing to work on archival data analysis. I agree that there
<br>are probably more out there who would be interested in taking projects on,<br>but given that revitalization work frequently is not valued by one's<br>department and not counted as linguistic work toward tenure, and that many
<br>tribes can't afford to just hire themselves a full-time linguist, I'm not<br>so sure there are so many who really would like to take on the full scope<br>of a revitalization project. If one follows it through, from digging up
<br>the old sources through creating a database, producing a dictionary,<br>writing a textbook and other materials, collaborating with the community<br>(if one isn't community oneself) on all parts of the work, getting
<br>funding, and figuring out with the community how to get fluency and spread<br>fluency through the community, it's a lifetime project. I don't know many<br>linguists who are so interested in taking on a language to do this, while
<br>trying to maintain the part of their careers they get hired by a<br>department for as well. I do think there are lots more who would like to<br>help out with parts of the work, though.<br><br>Thanks,<br><br>Natasha<br>
<br>*******************************************************************************<br>Natasha Warner<br>Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics<br>University of Arizona<br>PO Box 210028<br>Tucson, AZ 85721-0028<br>
U.S.A.<br><br>Until August 2008:<br>Visiting Researcher<br>Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics<br>PO Box 310<br>6500 AH Nijmegen<br>the Netherlands<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>____________________________________________________________
<br>Susan D. Penfield, Ph.D.<br><br>Associate Director, Center for Educational Resources in Culture, Language and Literacy (CERCLL)<br>Department of English (Primary) <br>American Indian Language Development Institute (AILDI)
<br>Second Language Acquisition & Teaching Ph.D. Program (SLAT)<br>Department of Language,Reading and Culture<br>Department of Linguistics<br>The Southwest Center (Research)<br>Phone for messages: (520) 621-1836<br><br>
<br>"Every language is an old-growth forest of the mind, a watershed of thought, an ecosystem of spiritual possibilities." <br> <br> Wade Davis...(on a Starbucks cup...)