<div>Kweh Rudy Troike,</div><div>This is the kind of discussion i appreciate the most from ILAT</div><div>Iroquoian languages are motion-action-centered as well(as the sister language Wyandot)<br></div><div><br></div><div>
The example given below about food is a good one</div><div>One of our word stems for "to eat" -gyaha- can be used to denote action and substance itself</div> "to eat" or "the eats" <br><div class="gmail_quote">
I think a problem we can have as English thinkers is assuming something is "either or"<br></div><div class="gmail_quote">is it yes or no? good or bad? English has trouble with "it's black but its also white"</div>
<div class="gmail_quote">My Navajo mom slips from "he" or "she" in describing an uncle in her rez-english</div><div class="gmail_quote">(Diné bizaad doesn't indicate gender , so her english might sound "wrong")</div>
<div class="gmail_quote">Is it wrong when 10,001 Navajos say in rez-english: "he's going home until tomorrow" ?</div><div class="gmail_quote">English wants to categorize everything so it can<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"> grab it and file it</span>: "is it a <span class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;">noun</span> OR a <span class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;">verb</span>?"</div>
<div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote">We are having a similar discussion about glottal stops and/or echo-vowels (or "creaky voice" -hate that term!)<br></div><div class="gmail_quote">Is it <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">-a'a-</span> two vowels split by a glottal stop? or is it more like ONE vowel dented by a glottal stop <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">a'ᵃ</span> (<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">a</span>-gl.stp-lower case <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">a</span>)</div>
<div class="gmail_quote">more of a bump? But isn't this an ugly way to discuss our ancestral tongue?</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">listen! and you will hear it!</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">our words will flow like water</span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">moving water over ancient stream beds</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">gushing tumbling over boulders </span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">each stone causes a ripple and its own splash... </span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote">Thanks for the good discussion!</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote">Richard</div><div class="gmail_quote">Wyandotte Oklahoma</div><div class="gmail_quote">
<br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Jan 2, 2009 at 5:14 PM, Rudolph Troike <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:rtroike@email.arizona.edu">rtroike@email.arizona.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">I concur with Claire Bowern and someone earlier who was commenting on<br>
Apachean. Nouns are prominent in European languages, and awareness of<br>
this leads to emphasis on nouns in early teaching -- even testing, such<br>
as the Peabody test for linguistic maturation. Muriel Saville-Troike<br>
did a comparative study of English-speaking and Navajo-speaking children's<br>
response to picture cards depicting simple scenes such as a child holding<br>
the handle of a wagon. English speakers just said "(a) girl" and "(a) wagon",<br>
merely identifying the objects in the scene, whereas the Navajo children<br>
said (in Navajo) the equivalent of "girl pulling wagon", or less fluently,<br>
"pulling (it)", focusing on the action as the central point. Approaching<br>
the teaching of verb-focused languages by teaching isolated nouns does no<br>
good at all, since it misses what Sapir saw as the "genius" of the language,<br>
and as Claire noted, makes it impossible to formulate even simple propositions<br>
about any sorts of actions or events. Indeed, in context, sentences in many<br>
languages lack nouns as Subjects and Objects, where these are obvious, and<br>
use only verbs, with either attached pronoun prefixes or suffixes, or zero<br>
pronominalization. (This is true not only for morphologically complex<br>
languages such as many American Indian languages, but even for isolating<br>
languages such as Chinese or Vietnamese.) Since pronouns are developmentally<br>
late in appearing, if one wished to start anywhere it would make most sense<br>
to start with verbs.<br>
<br>
Rudy<br>
<br>
P.S. In many languages, what translate as nouns in English are often<br>
derived verbal phrases, as "food" would be "what-one-eats" or "one-eats-it".<br>
So even there the verb is primary.<br>
</blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>"if you don't know the language you will only see the surface of the culture..The language is the heart of the culture and you cannot separate it."<br>Elaine Ramos, TLINGIT<br>