Preserving tribal culture focus of national conference, from language to
memories to science<br /><br />By David Stabler, The Oregonian<br />October 20,
2009, 6:36PM<br
/>cid:3dqrqt9gz4u8@www.email.arizona.edu<br
/>~~<br /><img src="file:///Users/pcc/Desktop/image002.jpg" /><br /><img
src="cid:3dqrqt9gz4u8@www.email.arizona.edu"
/><br />Torsten Kjellstrand, The Oregonian<br />Malissa Winthorn speaks with
Phil Cash Cash during a lunch break. Cash Cash spoke about his doctoral work as
a linguist trying to understand and preserve both the verbal and sign languages
he grew up with on the Umatilla Reservation.<br />~~<br /><br />Malissa
Minthorn stands at the back of a cavernous ballroom in the Red Lion Hotel on
the River. Blue, yellow, silver and black beads cascade over her shoulders in a
dress that her grandmother wore to weddings and funerals on the Umatilla
Reservation. <br /><br />Tuesday was opening day of a sold-out conference that
has brought together 550 people from around the country with one interest in
common: preserving tribal culture. As she looks over the packed room, Minthorn
herself personifies the theme of the conference. <br /><br />"After this,
I'm storing it away," she says, fingering her bright red dress. "It's
getting thin and fragile." <br /><br />Preservation takes many forms, from
a simple photograph to an entire museum of artifacts. From a jumpy film showing
Bitterroot Jim telling a bear story in sign language in 1932 to a mat house
that the Wanapum tribe had to relearn to build on the banks of the Columbia
River. <br /><br />Culture is complicated for Native Americans, and so is its
preservation. Without a record, some tribes left no trace. Passing culture down
through the generations gets more complicated by a tradition of oral history
that makes some elders suspicious of recordings and photography. <br /><br
/>The National Conference Tribal Archives, Libraries and Museums is the fourth
national gathering to help preserve, archive, display and perpetuate Native
American culture. Hosts were the Oregon State Library and Tamástslikt
Cultural
Institute on the Umatilla Reservation, near Pendleton. Speakers included library
and language experts and Russell Means, the activist, actor and author, who
led
the famous standoff at Wounded Knee, S.D., in 1973. <br /><br />Libraries were a
big presence at the conference. In an adjoining hall, exhibitors offered ideas
on storage and displays, creating audiovisual labs and preserving images. <br
/><br />But protecting culture is not only about objects. In a time of Twitter
and other quick communication, tribes are seeking a deeper connection to
themselves, an appreciation of culture, the very DNA of who they are. That
connection often starts with language. <br /><br />Of the 54 languages
identified in the Pacific Northwest, many verge on extinction. Only one speaker
of the Wasco language is still living. Forty speakers of Nez Perce remain.
Linguist predict that within two or three generations, no one will speak these
languages. <br /><br />The four-day conference, called "Streams of
Language, Memory and Lifeways," underscored the urgency to save tribal
culture in all its forms before it's too late.<br /><br />"There are not
enough words to give to tell you how important language is to our sacred
traditions," Phil Cash Cash told the assembled group at Tuesday's opening
session. Cash Cash, a linguist who grew up on the Umatilla Reservation, studies
language in the Columbia River region. <br /><br />Language is key to helping
Native Americans live their culture, he said. "Language follows basic laws
of the culture and land and earth," he said. "It's urgent we all
understand how vitally important it is that language gets transferred to the
younger generation." <br /><br />Dallas Dick, a photo archivist at the
Tamástslikt Cultural Institute, took Cash's message to heart. "I'm feeling
guilty because I'm not doing what I should be doing. We're losing it all, and I
was one of the bad kids that never listened. I learned all the bad words."
<br /><br />Signs of preservation were everywhere. In a hallway on the way to
the ballroom, attendees passed tables of necklaces, bracelets, earrings,
blankets and crafts. <br /><br />Downstairs, in a session about the Wanapum, a
small tribe that has lived for thousands of years on the Columbia River north
of the Tri-Cities, Angela Buck, director of the Wanapum Heritage Center,
talked about her tribe's latest tool to preserve her culture: an RV. The
vehicle travels throughout the region to share displays and history with native
and non-native people. "We get around," she said. "We talked to
29,000 people last year. That may not seem like a lot to you, but it is to
us." <br /><br />In other efforts to protect the Wanapum culture, the
river tribe recently dug out canoes, made string from hemp and built a mat
house from the tule plant, all projects new to them. The house was more than
they bargained for, a process of finding, gathering, drying, tying and building
that took months to complete. <br /><br />"It was a huge project,
overwhelming," said Rex Buck III, who worked on the house. "We can't
undo things that happened, but those projects fill the gap of who we are as a
people." <br /><br />The conference runs through Thursday.<br /><br
/>--David Stabler <br /><br /><br /><br /><br />