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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Helping language communities create neologisms is something I’ve had to do a lot in creating language-learning software. In my experience, acceptance really comes down to what language communities consider appropriately authentic, and this varies widely from one community to the next, or even one social group within the community to the next. I have a brief chapter coming out on just this topic, based on a talk I gave at Tulane’s conference on Sleeping & Awakening Languages of the Gulf South. An early draft of the paper is attached. A longer version with some more specific word-formation techniques is also available if anybody is interested.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>In the case of the Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana, because the language is awakening and the dictionary (rather than other fluent speakers) is the primary source of information about the language for learners, the community is definitely using all the newly-coined words. But for other groups I’ve worked with, it’s only the students who are using the language-learning software we made that are using the neologisms. And Tīmoti Kāretu of the Māori community, for example, often talks about the problem with creating new words when there are already perfectly good words out there being used by people.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I think ‘new words’ are necessary for language revitalization in the sense that, as a language is awakening, it’s expanding into new social domains that it wasn’t used in before (or hasn’t been for a long time). So at the very least, language revitalization involves using existing words in new ways, and it’s important for revitalization teams to think about this just as carefully as they would think about neologisms. But as to the question of whether it’s really necessary to have a language committee creating new words for the community, I don’t think this is necessary. It just depends on the particular linguistic and sociopolitical situation in that community, and what works best for everyone involved. I try to address some of these issues in my chapter.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Joshua Hinson of the Chickasaw tribe has also given some excellent talks and workshops on this subject, so I’d encourage anybody wrestling with this topic to reach out to him for valuable advice as well.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Other good sources are:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt'>Hinton, Leanne & Jocelyn Ahlers. 1999. The issue of “authenticity” in California language restoration. <i>Anthropology & Education Quarterly</i> 30(1). 56–67.<span style='font-family:"Doulos SIL"'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin-left:24.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Doulos SIL"'>Rice, Keren. 2012. “Our language is very literal”: Figurative expression in Dene Sųɬiné [Athapaskan]. In Anna Idström, Elisabeth Piirainen & Tiber F. M. Falzett (eds.), <i>Endangered metaphors</i>, 21–76. (2). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>very best,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Danny<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Daniel W. Hieber<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Graduate Student in Linguistics<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>University of California, Santa Barbara<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><a href="http://www.danielhieber.com"><span style='color:#0563C1'>www.danielhieber.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Omnis habet sua dona dies. ~ Martial<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><a name="_MailEndCompose"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> ilat-request@list.arizona.edu [mailto:ilat-request@list.arizona.edu] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Hammond, Michael - (hammond)<br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 27, 2014 7:32 PM<br><b>To:</b> ilat@list.arizona.edu<br><b>Subject:</b> [ilat] neologisms<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F'>Subject: </span></b><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>Re: [ilat] Neologisms and Indigenous Languages</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F'>Date: </span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>August 26, 2014 9:40:05 AM MST</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F'>To: </span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>Adrienne Tsikewa <<a href="mailto:miss_adrienne7@yahoo.com" target="_blank">miss_adrienne7@yahoo.com</a>></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=FR style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F'>Cc: </span></b><span lang=FR style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>ILAT <</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><a href="mailto:ilat@list.arizona.edu" target="_blank"><span lang=FR>ilat@list.arizona.edu</span></a></span><span lang=FR style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>></span><span lang=FR><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=FR><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Hi Adrienne <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I know for Welsh there is at least one group that does this as contract work for the government or private companies. For example, some company might want to have Welsh terminology, for recording studios. This group goes in and surveys the recording community about existing words that might already be used, proposes new ones where needed. I believe they do surveys again about whether the new ones work.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Of course, it's an evolving thing, so the words may or may not catch on. It's what you might expect. They might propose some morphologically complex form for a novel item, but the English borrowing is more appealing, or vice versa.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Is it necessary? I would think definitely so. If, for example, there were no Welsh words for the things in a recording studio, otherwise fluent Welsh speakers would turn to English in that setting...and it would be one more area where the language could lose ground.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>mike h.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Aug 26, 2014, at 9:17 AM, Adrienne Tsikewa wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Good morning ILAT,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>I am interested in learning more on how Indigenous Language communities not only create new words in their respective languages ( I did find an article by Ryan Denzer-King), but also how these communities may feel about these neologisms. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Are the communities actually using them? How were they introduced to the community? Is this necessary for language maintenance/revitalization?<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Thanks/Elahkwa,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Adrienne Tsikewa<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></blockquote></div></body></html>