Plosive-liquid clusters in euskara borrowed from IE?

[Jon Patrick]

[ note to moderator snipped ]

    Date:       Sat, 10 Apr 1999 13:31:20 +0100 (BST)
    From:       Larry Trask <larryt at cogs.susx.ac.uk>

    On Fri, 9 Apr 1999, Jon Patrick wrote:

    > Larry, what is the phenomenom of Aquitanian that makes <andre>
    > unpronounceable. thanks

    The /dr/ cluster.  Pre-Basque absolutely lacked plosive-liquid clusters,
    and, in all early borrowings from Latin and Romance, such clusters were
    invariably eliminated in one way or another.  See sections 18.4-18.5 of
    Michelena's Fonetica Historica Vasca for a list of examples, including
    such familiar ones as these:

    Lat <libru> --> Bq <liburu> `book'
    Lat <gloria> --> Bq <loria> `glory'
    Lat <granu> --> Bq *<garanu> --> <garau>, <garaun> `grain'
    Lat <lucru> --> Bq <lukuru> `interest, usury'
    Rom <cleta> --> Bq *<geleta> --> <gereta> `rustic gate'
    Lat <claru> --> Bq <laru> `pale yellow'
    Lat <pluma> --> Bq <luma> `feather'
    Rom <regla> --> old Bq <erregela> `rule'
    Rom <cruel> --> old Bq <kurel> `cruel'

Further to Larry's assertion that the plosive-liquid cluster was not available
in early euksara and have been elimenated I have found the following entries
made by Azkue that he  asserts are native words.

Larry would you say that there is not one word in this list that is not
problematic for your thesis, that is you can source every single one of these
words from outside euskara. I would be certainly grateful for the source of
each of them.

cheers
jon patrick

-BR-
abra
abrasta
abrastasun
abre
abrigu
abruzko
allibre
bragaro
brager
brai
braiel
brama
branda
branga
brantza
brasa
brast
bratz
bratzen
brau
brazen
brazeri
brazilia
breiel
breka
breska
bri
brial
brianda
brida
brila
brina
brinbel
bringa
brintza
brintzal
briskoka
brist
britxi
briu
broga
broju
broka
brokal
broketa
brokil
broska
brosta
brozel
brrrrra
brrrrtxo
brukul
brus
bruxka
debru
diabru
dulabre
ebri
golanbre
hebro
inobre
kalanbria
kobru
kolobru
lanbri
lanbro
lanbrots
lebra
lenbreina
pebre
salobre
zabrandila
zanbro

-GL-
danglo
garrangla
glask
glope
ingla
sengle
txingla
zingle

-GR-
binagrera
engreinatu
engrenatu
graba
grainoe
grangina
grango
granpoi
grantzu
grask
graspa
gredale
greinu
greste
greu
grilo
grima
grimu
grina
gripa
grisela
grisola
grosain
ingresti

-KR-
azukre
kankredo
krak
kraka
krakada
krako
kramela
kranka
krask
kresal
krial
krik
krika
kriket
krima
krinka
krisela
krisk
krisket
krisketa
kriskitin
krisma
krispi
kristegi
krizkina
kroka
krokaildu
kroska
krosko
kroskoil
krozka
krozta
kruselu
kruspet
kruxenta
lakrikun

-KL-
atxiklandara
beklaire
istaklok
karrankla
kilimiliklik
klak
klaka
klaska
klasketa
klausk
klink
kliska
kloka
kloska
kluk
kluka
klunka
klunklun
maxkla

-BL-
ablieste
arranblatu
blanka
blau
bleta
blink
bloka
blunda
ebli
enblai
kobla
txibli

-PR-
anproi
april
apriti
eskalaproi
eskopre
kepra
kuprits
lapran
litxiprin
prei
presa
primal
printz
prizt
progu
txipristin

-PL-
enpla
kanplengo
kopla
kupla
mazapla
pla
plabux
plai
plaiut
plapa
plast
plau
plaust
plausta
plautiri
plaxu
ple
plen
pleta
plox
ploxa
plunp
plust
sipla
txanplet
txapla
txaplata
txiplita
txiploi
txirriplot
zapla
zarraplaka
zipla
ziplo

-TR-
aaztru
astru
atraka
atralaka
atrapa
atrapario
atreka
atruiz
azitrai
aztru
balestra
balotra
butroe
buztre
entrabalo
erretrain
estrabia
estramina
estrazia
estrongo
estroxa
iztrepu
jikotria
kalamastra
kaletra
kalostra
kamastra
katramila
kontra
kotra
kulastra
kutrilo
lantro
lantrotxa
lantru
laratro
laustro
letranta
mastra
matraka
matran
matraza
matrazu
maztranga
mostratxa
motrotx
muskentra
mustratxa
ostro
patraka
petraile
petral
petreska
pitrika
potro
potroska
putrus
sastra
sestra
sostra
sostroko
traba
trabaila
trabela
trabes
trafa
tragas
tragatz
tragu
traila
traka
trakel
trakulo
tramada
tramakulu
traman
tramu
tranbalaldi
tranbil
tranbuila
tranga
trangala
trankart
trantxela
traol
trapal
trapala
trapasa
trapata
trapika
trapil
traska
traskil
trasko
trasmail
trata
trauski
traust
trebe
trebes
treheil
treina
tremes
trenkada
trenta
trentin
trentxairu
trepel
tresabi
tresen
treska
tresna
tretxu
tretza
triaga
triba
trigun
trikimaka
trikimako
trikote
triku
trila
trimin
trimulu
tringa
tringit
tringitz
tringu
trinka
tripikio
tripili
tripot
triska
trisku
trispi
triza
troba
troil
troka
troko
trokol
trokot
trokota
tronpoilo
tropita
trozal
trozel
truin
truisu
truk
truka
trukut
trumil
trunbil
truntxu
trupita
zalatrako
zitraino
zintrino
ziztraka
ziztrin

-TL-  none

-DR-
adrailu
almadraka
andra
andrapo
andre
andreina
baladre
bildri
boldrio
draga
dragatz
drak
drangal
drank
draul
draun
drausk
dretxu
drin
dritxo
drola
dronda
drosel
drunda
drungulu
eldro
endratxa
endrezera
endrezu
faldra
foldra
ijendro
ildroski
indriska
indrizilu
izendru
kolondrin
landrila
lodrot
mandran
mendrezka
mindrin
olandriko
pindrua
podra
txandria
txandrio
txildrin
txilindron
zalandra
zendrailu
zilindroin
zoldra

-DL- none

Jon
----------------------------------------------------------
Prof. Jon Patrick			BH +61-2-9351 3524
Sybase Chair of Information Systems	FX +61-2-9351 3838
Basser Dept. of Computer Science
University of Sydney
Sydney, 2006	
NSW
Australia	    WEB: http://www.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jonpat
-----------------------------------------------------------