Wheeled Vehicles.

[JoatSimeon at aol.com]

>rao.3 at osu.edu writes:

>the only evidence for this (s)he has given is quotations from the article of
>Anthony and Vinogradov in Archaeology.

-- "A two-wheeled vehicle with wheels some 60 cm in diameter was recovered
from a Catacomb burial at Maryevka in the Ukraine, presumably of the third
but possibly second millenium BCE... the chariot is well attested in the
Shinasta culture southeast of the Urals.  Dating from c. 2100 to 1700 BCE,
this culture provides abundant evidence for chariots... The wheels have eight
to twelve spokes.  The vehicles, found in burials, are unequivocally
associated with horses and were drawn by a paired team."

-- Mallory & Adams, Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, ps. 627-8

>Secondly, the slippage of the neck bands was prevented by placing the axle
>of the chariot at the back

-- this is a specific feature of _Egyptian_ chariots, and was not common
elsewhere.  Hittite chariots, for example, used a mid-body location for the
axle.

Mallory & Adams' reconstruction of the Shinasta chariot shows a yoke with
Y-fork additions at the front -- precisely the form of "primitive
horse-collar".