Since I commented on this debate before, I think that I am entitled to say a
few words this time around as well, especially as Mr Whiting kindly quotes some
of my words written quite a few months ago.
"Few" is the operative word here - I have no intention to engage in mile-long
debates, especially when it is clear that no agreement is possible. Larry's
examples (thigh/thigh, that/thatch etc.) should clinch the argument, I would
think, but clearly Mr Whiting will not accept this, ever.
However, I will throw a spanner into his arguments using German. I hope that
some real Germanists will provide their arguments as well.
First, Mr Whiting states:
"But if the fact that [D T] are always written with <th> says nothing about
whether they are phonemes or not, then so also does the fact that German [c, x]
are always written with <ch> have nothing to do with whether they are separate
phonemes or not ... The basic principle of alphabetic systems remains: one
symbol (or fixed sequence of symbols) per phoneme."
But it is not true that the allophones (or phonemes) [c,] / [x] are always
spelt <ch> in German. Words like <fertig> are pronounced [fertic,] in many
varieties of standard German, and this is indeed the pronunciation shown in my
Collins German pocket dictionary. If Germans "intuitively" use <ch> to denote
just one phoneme, they can evidently also use <g> in some environments to
denote this same phoneme. This is fine, as they also use <v>, <f> and <ph> for
/f/ and <ei> and <ai> for /ai/. Many languages do this, with English and French
going the furthest in using many orthographies for the same phoneme (in similar
environments -- I am not talking about `ghoti' = `fish'). What I am getting at
is that native-speaker intuition influenced by spelling will not necessarily be
a good guide to phonemic analysis.
Secondly, the [c,] / [x] distinction is on its way to becoming phonemic, and
this is recognized by no less an authority than Duden's "Die Grammatik der
deutschen Gegenwartsprache" (5th ed., 1995). I believe that I quoted this
before, but some things need to be cited again and again. Let me quote p.52 of
this book (para 58):
"Vor [a] ist der Unterschied zwischen [c,] und [x] sogar distinktiv, vgl.
Chalikose [c,aliko:z@] - Chanukka [xanUka]. Der phonologische Status eines
Lautes liegt also nicht ein fuer allemal fest. Insbesondere durch Entlehnungen
und Lehnbildungen sind Veraenderungen moeglich."
Evidently some highly qualified native-speakers of German are prepared to
accept the possibility that two sounds normally spelt <ch> are becoming two
separate phonemes.
'nuff said.
Gabor Sandi
g_sandi@hotmail.com