<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; ">Dear Helen et al.,<DIV> By the time Liz and I wrote the introductory chapter for our 1989 book, she had been using this particular phrasing for years in her inimitably articulate way.</DIV><DIV><SPAN class="Apple-style-span"> The idea is fundamental to Darwin, but the source that she and I thought was the clearest on this was Werner and Kaplan's <SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;">Symbol Formation</SPAN> from 1960.</SPAN></DIV><DIV> By the way, the final shape of phrasing she adopted can itself be viewed metalinguistically as a new machine out of many old parts :)</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>--Brian MacWhinney</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><BR><DIV><DIV>On Dec 16, 2005, at 12:07 PM, <A href="mailto:htagerf@bu.edu">htagerf@bu.edu</A> wrote:</DIV><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"><BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"> <DIV> <DIV><SPAN class="962090317-16122005"><FONT face="Arial" size="2">Here are the responses I received - thanks to everyone!</FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN class="962090317-16122005"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"></FONT></SPAN> </DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2"></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial"><FONT size="2">Maria Rosa Brea-Spahn, M.S., CCC-SLP<SPAN class="962090317-16122005">:</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV></DIV> <DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2">Bates, E. (2004). Explaining and interpreting deficits in language development across clinical groups: Where do we go from here? Brain and Language, 88, 248-253.</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2"></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2">"Language may be a new machine that nature has constructed out of old parts" p. 250</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2"></FONT> </DIV><P><FONT face="Arial"><FONT size="2">E<SPAN class="962090317-16122005">lena Lieven:</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P><P><SPAN class="962090317-16122005"></SPAN><FONT face="Arial" size="2">In Bates & MacWhinney 1989, The Crosslinguistic Study of Language </FONT></P><P><FONT face="Arial" size="2">Acquisition, p.10 they say:</FONT></P><P><FONT face="Arial" size="2">"Language could be viewed as a new machine constructed entirely out of </FONT></P><P><FONT face="Arial" size="2">old parts"</FONT></P> <DIV><SPAN class="962090317-16122005"><FONT color="#000000"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Erika Hoff: <O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV><SPAN class="962090317-16122005"></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN class="962090317-16122005"><FONT face="Arial"><FONT size="2">language is "a new machine built out of old parts" in "Bates, Thal, & Marchman (1991). Smbols and syntax: A darwinian approach ot language development. In N. A. Krasnegor, D. M. Rumbaugh, R. L. Schiefelbusch, & M. Studdert-Kennedy (Eds.), Biological and behavioral determints of language development (pp. 29-66). <ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><ST1:CITY w:st="on">Nillsdale</ST1:CITY>, <ST1:STATE w:st="on">NJ</ST1:STATE></ST1:PLACE>: Erlbaum. The quote is on p. 5.<O:P></O:P></FONT></FONT><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O:P><SPAN class="962090317-16122005"><FONT color="#000000">Ping Li:</FONT></SPAN></O:P></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O:P><SPAN class="962090317-16122005"><P><FONT color="#000000">"the human capacity for language could be both innate and species-specific, and yet involve no mechanisms that evolved specifically and uniquely for language itself. Language could be viewed as a new machine constructed entirely out of old parts." (Bates & MacWhinney, 1989; see also Bates et al., 1979). </FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT color="#000000">Bates, E., Benigni, L., Bretherton, I., Camaioni, L., & Volterra, V. (1979).<I> The emergence of symbols: Cognition and communication in infancy.</I> New York: Academic Press. </FONT></P><P><FONT color="#000000">Bates, E.& MacWhinney, B. (1989). Functionalism and the competition model, In B. MacWhinney & E. Bates (Eds),<I> The cross-linguistic study of sentence processing</I> (pp. 3-73).Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. </FONT></P></SPAN></O:P></SPAN></SPAN> <DIV><BR></DIV></DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2">______________________________________________</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2">Helen Tager-Flusberg, PhD</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2">Professor, Anatomy & Neurobiology</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2">Director, Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience (<A href="http://www.bu.edu/autism">www.bu.edu/autism</A>)</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2">Boston University School of Medicine</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2">715 Albany Street L814</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2">Boston MA 02118</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2"></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2">Fax: 617-414-1301</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2">Voice: 617-414-1312</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2">Email: <A href="mailto:htagerf@bu.edu">htagerf@bu.edu</A></FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face="Arial" size="2"><A href="http://www.bu/"></A></FONT> </DIV> <DIV> </DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR></DIV></BODY></HTML>