<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span">In his 1941 monograph <I>Kindersprache, Aphasie und allegemeine Lautgesetze</I> (English translation published in 1968), Roman Jakobson noted that "one talks in child fashion to the child ... We even have at our disposal for this purpose a traditional mixed language adapted to the linguistic ability of the child, which is known by the term "nursery language"."<DIV><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV></SPAN><DIV><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>************************************</DIV><DIV>Carol Stoel-Gammon, Ph.D.</DIV><DIV>Professor, Speech and Hearing Sciences</DIV><DIV>University of Washington</DIV><DIV>1417 N.E. 42nd Street</DIV><DIV>Seattle, WA 98105-6246</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>************************************</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"></SPAN> </DIV><BR><DIV><DIV>On Dec 6, 2006, at 1:58 AM, Matthew Saxton wrote:</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV> <SPAN lang="EN-GB" style=""><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Roman" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Dear All,</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV><BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><O:SMARTTAGTYPE namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="State"><O:SMARTTAGTYPE namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"><O:SMARTTAGTYPE namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"><O:SMARTTAGTYPE namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="Street"><O:SMARTTAGTYPE namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="address"><O:SMARTTAGTYPE namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceName"><O:SMARTTAGTYPE namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceType"><O:SMARTTAGTYPE namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"><DIV class="Section1"><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><B style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; ">Talking to Children: Origins of Terminology</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></B></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Many, many thanks to all those who took the time and trouble to help track down the origins of these stalwart terms from the child language canon. I have tried to distil the essential sources in what follows, but Buyer Beware! I do not present this as a definitive list (I still need to do some more old-fashioned shuffling round real - not virtual - libraries).</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">The discussion extended rather quickly beyond my original question, which simply concerned the provenance of terms. In particular, the appropriateness of different terms with regard to their precision and relevance was, quite rightly, raised as a key issue. For what it’s worth, and without going into detail, I think Child Directed Speech (CDS) covers most of the bases required by child language researchers. And it certainly seems to have the upper hand as the most popular term in recent times.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">(1) </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">Baby Talk</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "></O:P></SPAN></I></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">The granddaddy (?!) of them all, which goes back at least to 1956 and almost to 1948:</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:26.95pt;text-indent:-26.95pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -35px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="IT" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -35px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -35px; ">Casagrande, J.B. (1948). Comanche baby language.</SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -35px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -35px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -35px; "> </SPAN></SPAN></I></SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: italic; text-indent: -35px; "><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; text-indent: -35px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: italic; text-indent: -35px; ">International Journal of American Linguistics, 14,</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; text-indent: -35px; "> 11-14.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; text-indent: -35px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:26.95pt;text-indent:-26.95pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -35px; "><ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><ST1:CITY w:st="on"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -35px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -35px; ">Ferguson</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></ST1:CITY></ST1:PLACE><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -35px; ">, C. A. (1956). Arabic baby talk. In M. Halle (Ed.),</SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -35px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -35px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -35px; "> For Roman Jakobson: On the occasion of his sixtieth birthday 11th October 1956.</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -35px; "> </SPAN><ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><ST1:CITY w:st="on"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -35px; ">The Hague</SPAN></ST1:CITY></ST1:PLACE><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -35px; ">: Mouton.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -35px; "></O:P></SPAN></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">(2) </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">Motherese</SPAN></SPAN></I><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Two competitors here, though InfoCHILDES correspondents clearly favour Elissa Newport as the True Progenitor:</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><ST1:CITY w:st="on"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Newport</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></ST1:CITY></ST1:PLACE><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">, E.L. (1975) Motherese: The speech of mothers to young children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, </SPAN><ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><ST1:PLACETYPE w:st="on"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">University</SPAN></ST1:PLACETYPE><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> of </SPAN><ST1:PLACENAME w:st="on"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Pennsylvania</SPAN></ST1:PLACENAME></ST1:PLACE><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><ST1:CITY w:st="on"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Newport</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></ST1:CITY></ST1:PLACE><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">, E.L. (1976). Motherese: The speech of mothers to young children. In N.J. Castellan, D.B. Pisoni & G.R. Potts (Eds.), </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">Cognitive theory (Vol. 2).</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN><ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><ST1:CITY w:st="on"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Hillsdale</SPAN></ST1:CITY><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">, </SPAN><ST1:STATE w:st="on"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">NJ</SPAN></ST1:STATE></ST1:PLACE><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">: Erlbaum.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Vorster, J. (1975). Mommy linguist – the case for motherese. </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">Lingua, 37/4,</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> 281-312.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">(3) </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">Child Directed Speech (CDS)</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "></O:P></SPAN></I></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Despite some help from Neil Bohannon, I haven’t (yet) been able to go further back than his own 1984 paper.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="SV" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Warren-Leubecker, A. & Bohannon, J.N. (1984). </SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Intonation patterns in child-directed speech – mother-father differences. </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">Child Development, 55/4,</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> 1379-1385.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">(4) </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">Input</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">Language</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "></O:P></SPAN></I></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Like </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">linguistic input</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> and </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">exposure language</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">, this one is very broad in scope:</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Ninio, A. (1986). The direct mapping of function to form in children’s early language. </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 15,</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> 559 (Abstract).</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">(5) </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">Caregiver Talk</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "></O:P></SPAN></I></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Not quite </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">caregiver talk</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> in the references below (maybe it really was a figment of my imagination), but here are two early uses of </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">caregiver</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">:</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Beckwith, L., Cohen, S.E., Kopp, C.B., Parmelee, A.H. & Marcy, T.G. (1976). Caregiver-infant interaction and early cognitive development in preterm infants. </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">Child Development, 47/3,</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> 579-587.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Cohen, S.E., Beckwith, L. & Parmelee, A.H. (1978). Receptive language development in preterm children as related to caregiver-child interaction. </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">Pediatrics, 61/1,</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> 16-20.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">(6) </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">Caretaker Talk</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "></O:P></SPAN></I></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">As Brian Richards points out, this one was not destined to take off in the </SPAN><ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><ST1:COUNTRY-REGION w:st="on"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">U.K.</SPAN></ST1:COUNTRY-REGION></ST1:PLACE><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> (and other Anglophone countries), because </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">caretaker</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> means</SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">janitor</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">. Please note, </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">janitor talk</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> has not yet been recognised as a distinct register, used when talking to children, but this seems like a terrible injustice to me and I shall be mounting a campaign of support very soon.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="SV" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Schachter, F.F., Fosha, D., Stemp, S., Brotman, N. & Ganger, S. (1976). </SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Everyday caretaker talk to toddlers vs. 3s and 4s. </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">Journal of Child Language, 3/2,</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> 221-245.</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></SPAN></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">(7) </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">Infant Directed Speech</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "></O:P></SPAN></I></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">I doubt very much this is the earliest usage, but at least it provides a lead:</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Cooper, R.P. & Aslin, R.N. (1990). Preference for infant-directed speech in the first month after birth. </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">Child Development, 61/5,</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> 1584-1595.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">(8) </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">Linguistic Input</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "></O:P></SPAN></I></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">This one is all-encompassing. I guess it extends beyond language learning and is in the same class as </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">linguistic environment</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">. Again, I doubt if the following is the first usage of the term, but it provides something to go on:</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Schlesinger, I.M. (1977). Role of cognitive development and linguistic input in language acquisition. </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">Journal of Child Language, 4/2,</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> 153-169.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">(9) </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">Exposure Language</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "></O:P></SPAN></I></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; ">Dan Slobin’s declared favourite. My initial search does not go back too far, but again, I hope it provides a useful lead.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="SV" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Gillette, J., Gleitman, H. & Gleitman, L & Lederer, A. (1999). </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; text-indent: -36px; ">Human simulations of vocabulary learning. </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">Cognition, 73/2,</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; text-indent: -36px; "> 135-176.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; ">(A Few) Miscellaneous References</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></I></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Bohannon, J., Stine, E.L. & Ritzenberg, D. (1982). Motherese: The effects of feedback and experience. </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">The Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 19,</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> 201-204.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Bohannon, J. & Warren-Leubecker, A. (1988) Recent developments in child directed speech: You've come a long way, Baby-Talk. </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">Language Science,</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">10, </SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">89-110.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Phillips, J.R. (1970).Formal characteristics of speech which mothers address to their young children. </SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Unpublished doctoral dissertation, </SPAN><ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><ST1:PLACENAME w:st="on"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Johns</SPAN></ST1:PLACENAME><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></SPAN><ST1:PLACENAME w:st="on"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Hopkins</SPAN></ST1:PLACENAME><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN><ST1:PLACETYPE w:st="on"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">University</SPAN></ST1:PLACETYPE></ST1:PLACE><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">.</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></SPAN></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; ">Phillips, J.R. (1973). Syntax and vocabulary of mothers’ speech to young children: Age and sex comparisons. </SPAN><I style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN style="font-style:italic; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; text-indent: -36px; ">Child Development, 44,</SPAN></SPAN></I><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> 182-185.</SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-indent:-27.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -36px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><O:P style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><O:P style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; ">*********************************************************************</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> </SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; ">Matthew Saxton MA, MSc, DPhil</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></P><P class="MsoNormal"><ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><ST1:PLACETYPE w:st="on"><FONT size="3" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; ">School</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></ST1:PLACETYPE><FONT face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; "> of </SPAN><ST1:PLACENAME w:st="on"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; ">Psychology</SPAN></ST1:PLACENAME></SPAN></FONT></ST1:PLACE><FONT face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; "> and Human Development,</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></P><P class="MsoNormal"><ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><ST1:PLACETYPE w:st="on"><FONT size="3" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; ">Institute</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></ST1:PLACETYPE><FONT face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; "> of </SPAN><ST1:PLACENAME w:st="on"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; ">Education</SPAN></ST1:PLACENAME></SPAN></FONT></ST1:PLACE><FONT face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; ">,</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></P><P class="MsoNormal"><ST1:STREET w:st="on"><ST1:ADDRESS w:st="on"><FONT size="3" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; ">25 Woburn Square</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></ST1:ADDRESS></ST1:STREET><FONT face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; ">,</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></P><P class="MsoNormal"><ST1:CITY w:st="on"><ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><FONT size="3" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; ">London</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></ST1:PLACE></ST1:CITY><FONT face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; ">,</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; ">WC1H 0AA.</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></P><P class="MsoNormal"><ST1:COUNTRY-REGION w:st="on"><ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><FONT size="3" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; ">U.K.</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></ST1:PLACE></ST1:COUNTRY-REGION><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> </SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; ">Tel: +44 (0) 20 7612 6509</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; ">Fax: +44 (0) 20 7612 6304</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> </SPAN><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Arial; font-size: 16px; "><A href="http://ioewebserver.ioe.ac.uk/ioe/cms/get.asp?cid=4578&4578_0=10248"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">http://ioewebserver.ioe.ac.uk/ioe/cms/get.asp?cid=4578&4578_0=10248</SPAN></A></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "></O:P></SPAN></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><A href="http://www.ioe.ac.uk"><FONT face="Arial"><SPAN style="font-family:Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; ">www.ioe.ac.uk</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></A></SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-GB"><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; "></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P><P class="MsoNormal"><FONT size="3" face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><O:P style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; "> </SPAN></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV></O:SMARTTAGTYPE></O:SMARTTAGTYPE></O:SMARTTAGTYPE></O:SMARTTAGTYPE></O:SMARTTAGTYPE></O:SMARTTAGTYPE></O:SMARTTAGTYPE></O:SMARTTAGTYPE><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"></SPAN></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR></DIV></SPAN></BODY></HTML>