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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"'>Dear all,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"'>I’m trying to determine whether typically developing children ever make errors in pronoun gender (e.g., reverse “he” and “she”), and if so, <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Cambria","serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Cambria","serif"'>at what point in their language development (and for how long) do these errors occur?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Cambria","serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Cambria","serif"'>are these errors consistent or intermittent during the time that they occur?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Cambria","serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Cambria","serif"'>Do the errors occur mainly in cases of long-distance reference or also with relatively simple utterances (e.g., pointing to a girl and saying, “He has it”)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"'>In my clinical experiences, I have seen many children with autism who make errors in pronoun gender, and many kids with language disorders (as well as younger, typically developing kids) who make errors in pronoun case (e.g., “her have it”). I can’t say that I’ve ever seen a child make a pronoun gender error who did NOT have autism, but I’m having trouble finding anything in the literature to back up that blanket statement.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"'>I’m mainly interested in finding formal studies of children learning English, but evidence that is anecdotal and/or from other languages would also be useful!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Laura Snow, Ph.D., CCC-SLP<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>University of Washington<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Center on Human Development and Disability<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Seattle, WA<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>
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