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<p class="MsoNormal" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">Tasaku Tsunoda proposed a classification of predicates, in various versions, and its latest (1985) has been referred to as the hierarchy of two-place predicates
(‘HTPP’).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">My understanding of HTPP is as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">When a two-place predicate R(x,y) is used to describe an event involving two participants, usually an agent and a patient, it is of utmost importance to avoid
ambiguity as to which noun phrase corresponds to the first argument x (the agent) and which to the second argument y (the patient). For this purpose, case can be used to mark one of the arguments. If one argument is case marked, this already suffices for the
purpose of disambiguation. Thus, from the distinguishing perspective, there is no need to case mark both arguments. Neither would it be necessary to case mark the one and only argument of a one-place (intransitive) predicate.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">In Tsunoda’s recent paper, he presents the following:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">I’m hitting on something.</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">My feet don’t touch to the ground.</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">While </span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">the above examples do not involve the preposition on or to<i>
</i>in adults’ English, children may initially include these prepositions but later abandon these prepositions, in accordance with the grammar of adults’ English.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">If there are papers referring to such phenomena, please let me know.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">Masahiko Minami</span></p>
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<span style="font-weight:bold">From: </span>Tom Roeper <<a href="mailto:roeper@linguist.umass.edu">roeper@linguist.umass.edu</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Reply-To: </span>"<a href="mailto:info-childes@googlegroups.com">info-childes@googlegroups.com</a>" <<a href="mailto:info-childes@googlegroups.com">info-childes@googlegroups.com</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Date: </span>Wednesday, August 15, 2012 7:24 PM<br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">To: </span>"<a href="mailto:info-childes@googlegroups.com">info-childes@googlegroups.com</a>" <<a href="mailto:info-childes@googlegroups.com">info-childes@googlegroups.com</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Subject: </span>Re: Hierarchy of Two-Place Predicates<br>
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<div>
<div>Can you be a little more specific about what you mean?<br>
Tom Roeper<br>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Aug 15, 2012 at 10:15 PM, Masahiko Minami <span dir="ltr">
<<a href="mailto:mminami@sfsu.edu" target="_blank">mminami@sfsu.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word">
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<div style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px">Dear All, </div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><br>
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px">I would like to know whether there are language acquisition studies (either L1 or L2) that refer to the hierarchy of two-place predicates.</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px">Thank you.</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><br>
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px">Masahiko Minami</div>
<div>
<div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px">**********************************</span></div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:13px">Dr. Masahiko Minami</span></font><br>
<font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:13px">Professor, College of Liberal & Creative Arts</span></font><br>
<font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:13px">San Francisco State University</span></font><br>
<font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:13px">1600 Holloway Avenue</span></font><br>
<font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:13px">San Francisco, CA 94132</span></font><br>
<font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:13px"><a href="tel:%28415%29%20338-7451" value="+14153387451" target="_blank">(415) 338-7451</a></span></font><br>
<a href="http://online.sfsu.edu/%7Emminami/" style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px" target="_blank">http://online.sfsu.edu/~mminami/</a><br>
<br>
<font><font style="font-size:12px" face="Tahoma">Invited Professor</font></font></div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span style="font-size:12px">National Institutes for the Humanities</span></div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span style="font-size:12px">National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics</span></div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span style="font-size:12px">Center for JSL Research and Information</span></div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14px"><span style="font-size:12px">10-2 Midori-cho, Tachikawa City, Tokyo, 190-8561</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:13px"><br>
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