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    We've also morphologized Sesotho - also on the CHILDES database.<br>
    <br>
    And Kamil Ud Deen used an 'MLU' criteria for Swahili  - number of
    morphemes per verb, that works well across Bantu languages, and
    might for other morphologically rich null subject (and object)
    languages. <br>
    <br>
    KD<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    On 10/09/13 1:11 PM, Yvan Rose wrote:
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:AA36BDEE-3655-4952-9AD0-807713750314@gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
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      <base href="x-msg://464/">Dear Shanley, everyone,
      <div>MLU counts by syllables would potentially work for Inuktitut.
        However, I wonder whether a morpheme count wouldn't work even
        better, closer to the original spirit of MLUs, as the syllable
        count would elude anything meaning-related.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>Building on Nan's suggestion, I confirm that we could easily
        rig both a syllabification algorithm (for Inuktitut), and a
        (general-purpose) syllable-based MLU count in Phon. I would be
        happy to work with you towards both objectives. This also raises
        the question of converting your data into the Phon format,
        something that shouldn't pose any serious problem either given
        our advances on this front over the last year. </div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>A morpheme-based one would require the utterances to be
        morphologically analyzed first. We did this for Cree a few years
        ago. Attached is a screen shot illustrating this. Please feel
        free to contact me separately to discuss the specifics.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>Best regards,</div>
      <div>Yvan</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div><img id="5884c511-7903-41f1-b33c-3678cbc4a5bc"
          apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes"
          src="cid:part1.01070508.00040409@gmail.com" height="659"
          width="789"></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>
        <div>
          <div>On 2013-09-09, at 22:12, Nan Bernstein Ratner <<a
              moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:nratner@umd.edu">nratner@umd.edu</a>>
            wrote:</div>
          <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
          <blockquote type="cite">
            <div link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family:
              Baskerville; font-size: medium; font-style: normal;
              font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing:
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              white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
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                <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
                  font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span
                    style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
                    sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">OK, then,
                    pragmatic issues satisfied, Shelley Brundage and I
                    tried this a while back for English and came up with
                    a conversion factor of about 1.5 for American
                    English speaking kids’ speech from about 3-8 (JFD,
                    1989). But you are asking about norms? Because you
                    seem to have identified that the conversion is
                    closer to 1:1 for Inuktitut. This seems to be a
                    question Phon users might be able to compute for
                    longitudinal samples in the database. I guess Brian
                    could say whether any dataset in TalkBank is
                    pre-syllabified. If so, one could theoretically do
                    this on archival data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
                <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
                  font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span
                    style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
                    sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span></div>
                <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
                  font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span
                    style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
                    sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Best regards
                    to all,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
                <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
                  font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span
                    style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
                    sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); ">Nan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
                <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
                  font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span
                    style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
                    sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); "> </span></div>
                <div>
                  <div style="border-style: solid none none;
                    border-top-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(225,
                    225, 225); padding: 3pt 0in 0in; ">
                    <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
                      12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><b><span
                          style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
                          sans-serif; ">From:</span></b><span
                        style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
                        sans-serif; "><span
                          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:info-childes@googlegroups.com"
                          style="color: purple; text-decoration:
                          underline; ">info-childes@googlegroups.com</a><span
                          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>[<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:info">mailto:info</a>-<a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:childes@googlegroups.com"
                          style="color: purple; text-decoration:
                          underline; ">childes@googlegroups.com</a>]<span
                          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>On
                          Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Shanley
                        Allen<br>
                        <b>Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Monday,
                        September 09, 2013 6:04 PM<br>
                        <b>To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:info-childes@googlegroups.com"
                          style="color: purple; text-decoration:
                          underline; ">info-childes@googlegroups.com</a><br>
                        <b>Subject:</b><span
                          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: MLU
                        in syllables?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
                  font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div>
                <div>
                  <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">No, it's a
                    good question. I wouldn't try this for English, but
                    it makes sense for Inuktitut because Inuktitut is
                    written with a syllabic script. So anyone who writes
                    Inuktitut (98% literacy rate!) is forced to think in
                    syllables, and native speakers of Inuktitut who are
                    assisting in the assessment can easily transcribe
                    the child's speech in syllabics and then simply
                    count the number of characters in each utterance.
                    Those same native speakers would have a very hard
                    time dividing Inuktitut into morphemes to calculate
                    a traditional MLU. And assessing MLU in words (as is
                    done for Irish, for example) is uninformative for
                    Inuktitut because it is polysynthetic and has
                    rampant argument ellipsis so all the interesting
                    linguistic development at early ages happens in the
                    morphology.<o:p></o:p></div>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Shanley.<o:p></o:p></div>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div>
                </div>
                <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
                  font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><o:p> </o:p></div>
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size:
                      12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">On
                      Sep 9, 2013, at 11:48 PM, Nan Bernstein Ratner
                      wrote:<o:p></o:p></div>
                  </div>
                  <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
                    font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><br>
                    <br>
                    <o:p></o:p></div>
                  <blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom:
                    5pt; ">
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt;
                      font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                      serif; ">This may seem like a stupid question, but
                      do pediatricians know what a syllable is? My
                      spouse, who is a doctor, probably would prefer
                      something based on a literate unit, like words. I
                      am afraid to ask what he thinks about counting
                      syllables in any language, but I will go home
                      tonight and ask.<br>
                      Nan Bernstein Ratner<br>
                      <br>
                      -----Original Message-----<br>
                      From:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                        href="mailto:info-childes@googlegroups.com"
                        style="color: purple; text-decoration:
                        underline; ">info-childes@googlegroups.com</a><span
                        class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>[<a
                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                        href="mailto:info-childes@googlegroups.com"
                        style="color: purple; text-decoration:
                        underline; ">mailto:info-childes@googlegroups.com</a>]
                      On Behalf Of Shanley Allen<br>
                      Sent: Monday, September 09, 2013 5:25 PM<br>
                      To:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a
                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                        href="mailto:info-childes@googlegroups.com"
                        style="color: purple; text-decoration:
                        underline; ">info-childes@googlegroups.com</a><br>
                      Subject: MLU in syllables?<br>
                      <br>
                      I'm wondering if anyone has tried to calculate MLU
                      in syllables for any language, or knows of any
                      study like this. I'm working with an SLP colleague
                      to devise tests that would be suitable for
                      assessing language delay in Inuktitut. The target
                      user group is pediatricians who don't know
                      Inuktitut well enough to do a morphological
                      analysis, but want to use measures that are
                      appropriate for the language. This idea seems a
                      little crazy, but our preliminary results show
                      that MLU in syllables correlates very highly with
                      MLU in morphemes in Inuktitut data, so it might
                      just work.<br>
                      <br>
                      Thanks in advance,<br>
                      Shanley Allen.<o:p></o:p></p>
                  </blockquote>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;
                    font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',
                    serif; "><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;
                      font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; ">Shanley
                      Allen<br>
                      Professor, Psycholinguistics and
                      Language Development<br>
                      Dept. of Social Sciences, University
                      of Kaiserslautern<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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