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<br /></br><hr /><b>Tesis doctoral: </b><br />de Prada Pérez, Ana.
2009. Subject Expression in Minorcan Spanish: Consequences of Contact
with Catalan. Pennsylvania State University (Estados Unidos),
Department of Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese.<br />URL: <a
href="http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideFiles/ETD-4049/dePradadissertation.pdf"
target="_blank">http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideFiles/ETD-4049/dePradadissertation.pdf</a><br
/><b>Información de:</b> Infoling List
<infoling@infoling.org><br /><hr /><br /><b>Director/a de tesis:
</b>Almeida Jacqueline Toribio <br /><br /><b>Descripción</b><br
/><p>This dissertation project examines bilingual speech, specifically
subject expression in Catalan-Spanish bilinguals in Minorca, Spain.
<br /><br />Antecedent research has mostly focused on bilingual speech
in situations where one of the languages enjoys official status and
the other is employed in restricted domains or where only one of the
languages is spoken by the society at large. Minorca offers a
different landscape, one in which Catalan and Spanish are used in
public and private milieus. This linguistic situation, it is argued
here, enhances the emergence of contact-induced linguistic patterns.
Of particular interest are the rates and patterns of subject
expression and omission in bilingual varieties of Spanish and Catalan.
Subject expression in Spanish has received much attention from
linguists in diverse sub-disciplines, employing diverse theoretical
frameworks and methodological tools. This variation has been most
convincingly examined by applying variable rule analysis to
naturalistic data collected via sociolinguistic interviews.
Variationist studies have revealed that the expression and omission of
subjects in Spanish is determined by numerous factors, among these
information structure, Tense/Mood/Aspect, person, and genre. For
instance, overt subjects are favored in contexts of topic shift, with
first person, and when there is a lack of continuity. More notably,
variation has been attested across varieties of Spanish; in
particular, contrasts in rates and patterns of subject expression are
reported between Caribbean Spanish and other varieties of Spanish
(Otheguy et al. 2007). <br /><br />Syntactic-theoretical treatments of
subject expression abound, most concerned with the formal features
that license null subjects. Thus, cross-linguistic differences between
null subject languages and non-null subject languages have been
attributed to the features of functional projections such as Agr and
Tns. While null subjects are licensed by properties of the ‘core’
or narrow syntax of null subject languages, the appearance of overt
subjects in such languages is constrained by the informational
context. Thus, in contrast to null subjects, the expression of overt
subjects in null subject languages is regulated by properties of the
‘peripheral’ grammar, specifically, the area where the syntax
interfaces with the discourse/pragmatics. This generalization has been
widely exploited in the literature on child bilingualism, adult second
language acquisition, and first language attrition, for the most part
by reference to data obtained via experimental research designs. <br
/><br />The works of Antonella Sorace and her colleagues indicate that
while the core syntax remains unchanged in language contact
situations, the peripheral grammars (i.e., the syntax interfaces with
other modules) are susceptible to inter-lingual effects. For instance,
while Spanish-English bilinguals accept null subjects in Spanish (and
reject them in English), they demonstrate the emergence of
pragmatically-infelicitous overt pronominal subjects in Spanish. The
use of pragmatically-infelicitous overt pronominal subjects in Spanish
has been interpreted in two manners: one view identifies this pattern
with a simplification process or strategy of cognitive economy
attendant to bilingual speech (Sorace 2004); the second view describes
it as a convergent outcome, rendering the contact languages more alike
(Bullock & Toribio 2004, Toribio 2004). These two approaches make
distinct predictions for outcomes in situations of contact between two
null subject languages. The simplification approach predicts an
increase in overt subjects, as a consequence of a universal process
that allows for bilinguals to compensate for the increased processing
load of articulating different types of information (syntactic and
discursive). In contrast, a convergence account would predict an
intermediate rate of overt subjects between the rates observed in the
two languages in contact. <br /><br />This dissertation project
expands on previous research by examining Spanish in contact with
Catalan in Minorca. The project examines variation between null
subject languages, by reference to data from two very closely related
languages, and it explores bilingual outcomes, by comparing
monolingual and bilingual Spanish data. The aim is to examine the role
of language-internal and language-external factors in the emergence of
contact-induced forms. To that end, naturalistic Spanish language
samples were collected from twelve monolingual Spanish speakers,
eleven Spanish L1 bilinguals, and twelve Catalan L1 bilinguals, who
were recorded in Spanish; in addition, naturalistic Catalan data were
gathered from twelve Catalan-dominant speakers (as there are no
monolingual Catalan speakers). All language samples were recorded
during an interview in which participants reported on their language
history, participated in an ethnolinguistic survey, and responded to
questions on language attitudes and ideologies. The recordings ranged
from 49.40 minutes (4,369 words) to 99.70 minutes (11,399 words). Data
were transcribed and the first 300 relevant tokens produced by each
participant were coded and submitted to statistical analysis using
Goldvarb X (Sankoff, Tagliamonte & Smith 2006). Apart from the overall
rate of subject expression, eleven language-internal variables were
considered in the distribution of null, overt pronominal, and overt
lexical subjects: person and number, discourse function, distance from
previous mention, focus, co-referentiality, clause type, animacy,
semantic and syntactic verb type, tense continuity, and verb form
ambiguity. In addition, seven language-external variables were
considered: age, gender, place of residence, first language, second
language proficiency, and first and second language use. <br /><br
/>Results indicate that overall rates of overt pronominal subjects are
not significantly different in Spanish and Catalan (10.6% and 11.9%).
The bilinguals rates in overt pronominal subjects are not
significantly different from those in monolingual Spanish (12.8% in
the Spanish L1 and 12.6% in the Catalan L1 bilinguals), as predicted
by Bullock & Toribio (2004) and Toribio (2004). However, multivariate
regressional analyses reveal differences in constraint ranking between
Spanish and Catalan. Interestingly, the bilinguals mostly display
intermediate positions, i.e., convergent outcomes. Evidence of a
bilingual continuum, where the Catalan L1 bilinguals are closer to the
Catalan data than the Spanish L1 bilinguals, is also present in the
patterns of subject expression, instantiated in constraint ranking
differences. Apart from the effect found for L1, proficiency was also
returned as significant. Catalan L1 speakers with higher proficiency
in Spanish and Spanish L1 speakers with higher proficiency in Catalan
display more monolingual-like patterns than those who exhibit more
disparate proficiencies across their two languages. <br /><br />This
project contributes to various fields. The examination of two sister
languages, and monolingual and bilingual varieties of the same
language, further enlightens our knowledge of linguistic variation in
subject expression, and how to better establish systematic comparisons
between typologically similar varieties. The analysis of the speech of
bilinguals of two null subject languages argues for the emergence of
converged outcomes in their speech. The lack of an increase in the
overall rate of overt pronominal subjects indicates a convergent
outcome, and patterns in between those in Spanish and those in Catalan
indicate convergence. Finally, the examination of a linguistic
community displaying extensive and established bilingualism furthers
our understanding of the effect of social prestige and other external
variables that cannot be explored in other communities.</p><br
/><b>Área temática:</b> Pragmática, Semántica, Sintaxis,
Sociolingüística, Variedades del español<br /><br
/><b>Índice</b><br /><p><a
href="http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideFiles/ETD-4049/dePradadissertation.pdf"
target="_blank">http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideFiles/ETD-4049/dePradadissertation.pdf</a></p><br
/><b>Fecha de lectura o defensa:</b> 4 de marzo de 2009<br /><br
/><b>Número de págs.:</b> 270<br /><br /><b>Cómo obtener la
tesis:</b> <br /><br /><b>Correo-e del autor/a:</b>
<aprada@ufl.edu><br /><br /><b>Información en la web de
Infoling:</b><br /> <a
href="http://www.infoling.org/informacion/T19.html" target="_blank">
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