From HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu Mon Jul 12 17:22:32 1999 From: HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu (H. Mark Hubey) Date: Mon, 12 Jul 1999 13:22:32 -0400 Subject: Nostratic word and distance measures Message-ID: <><><><><><><><><><><><>--This is the Language List--<><><><><><><><><><><><><> The list has been dead a while. I think I have a word that will as the equivalent of "7" that has been argued about by Semiticists and IEanists. The word is Turkic balta. Since I just finished reading Dr. Eren's Turkish Etymological Dictionary, and in which this word is kicked around a lot, and which I had already read here and there, it seems like a good idea. Here are the Turkic versions: balta, Turkish, TatK, Balkar, Krg palta, Tkm, Alt, Tel, Shor, SAg, Koy, Kaca, Kuer baltu, Tar, etc balag (beil) Sumer porat, Tokharian pada < *parta, Saka fa'ra't, Ossetian *parathu, Old Farsi (?) paltu < pashtu, Akkadian purta, Chuvash parashu, Old Indian paltu < pashtu, pashu, Assyrian (assyro-baby-lonisch) pelekus, Greek pilakku, Assyrian parachu, Sanskrit In Turkic 'bOl' (where O=o-umlaut) means "to divide, to split" so the word could have been bOlek (compare to balag in Sumerian). There is also 'bile' (to sharpen) and bilew (whetstone). Then there is 'UlUsh' (where U=u-umlaut, meaning share,ration, division) which seems should derive from 'bOlUsh' (division). It is agreed upon by Turkologists that *p > *h >0 for initial p in Turkic. Some words with initial h can still be found in Khalaj and found sporadically in others. So if we had *p > b in some words and *p>h>0 in others these words would fit together. What root is offered for this word in other languages such as Semitic and IE? I think this would also be a good discussion of measuring phonological distances between words. ----------------------from Usenet sci.lang------------------- To me Turkish "balta" (axe), has always seemed related to our Dutch "bijl" (axe). van Dale's Etymologisch woordenboek relates "bijl" to Middle Dutch "bile, bijl", Old Saxonian "bil" (sword), Althochdeutsch "bihal", Old English "bill", Old Norse "bilda", Old Irish "biail", Russian "bilo" (hammer). Notice the striking resemblance between Turkish "balta" and Old Norse "bilda". Johan Vandewalle -- Sincerely, M. Hubey hubeyh at mail.montclair.edu http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey <><><><><><><><><><><><><><>----Language----<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Copyrights and "Fair Use": http://www.templetions.com/brad//copyright.html "This means that if you are doing things like comment on a copyrighted work, making fun of it, teaching about it or researching it, you can make some limited use of the work without permission. For example you can quote excerpts to show how poor the writing quality is. You can teach a course about T.S. Eliot and quote lines from his poems to the class to do so. Some people think fair use is a wholesale licence to copy if you don't charge or if you are in education, and it isn't. If you want to republish other stuff without permission and think you have a fair use defence, you should read the more detailed discussions of the subject you will find through the links above." From proto-language at email.msn.com Mon Jul 12 22:08:42 1999 From: proto-language at email.msn.com (Patrick C. Ryan) Date: Mon, 12 Jul 1999 17:08:42 -0500 Subject: Nostratic word and distance measures Message-ID: <><><><><><><><><><><><>--This is the Language List--<><><><><><><><><><><><><> Dear Mark and Linguists: ----- Original Message ----- From: H. Mark Hubey To: language Sent: Monday, July 12, 1999 12:22 PM Subject: Nostratic word and distance measures > <><><><><><><><><><><><>--This is the Language List--<><><><><><><><><><><><><> > > > The list has been dead a while. I think I have a word that will > as the equivalent of "7" that has been argued about by > Semiticists and IEanists. > > The word is Turkic balta. Since I just finished reading Dr. Eren's > Turkish Etymological Dictionary, and in which this word is kicked > around a lot, and which I had already read here and there, it seems > like a good idea. Here are the Turkic versions: > > balta, Turkish, TatK, Balkar, Krg > palta, Tkm, Alt, Tel, Shor, SAg, Koy, Kaca, Kuer > baltu, Tar, etc > > balag (beil) Sumer > porat, Tokharian > pada < *parta, Saka > fa'ra't, Ossetian > *parathu, Old Farsi (?) > paltu < pashtu, Akkadian > purta, Chuvash > parashu, Old Indian > paltu < pashtu, pashu, Assyrian (assyro-baby-lonisch) > pelekus, Greek > pilakku, Assyrian > parachu, Sanskrit > > > In Turkic 'bOl' (where O=o-umlaut) means "to divide, to split" so > the word could have been bOlek (compare to balag in Sumerian). > There is also 'bile' (to sharpen) and bilew (whetstone). Then there > is 'UlUsh' (where U=u-umlaut, meaning share,ration, division) > which seems should derive from 'bOlUsh' (division). It is agreed > upon by Turkologists that *p > *h >0 for initial p in Turkic. > Some words with initial h can still be found in Khalaj and found > sporadically in others. So if we had *p > b in some words and > *p>h>0 in others these words would fit together. > > What root is offered for this word in other languages such as > Semitic and IE? > > I think this would also be a good discussion of measuring > phonological distances between words. > > > > ----------------------from Usenet sci.lang------------------- > To me Turkish "balta" (axe), has always seemed related to our Dutch > "bijl" > (axe). van Dale's Etymologisch woordenboek relates "bijl" to Middle > Dutch "bile, > bijl", Old Saxonian "bil" (sword), Althochdeutsch "bihal", Old English > "bill", Old Norse "bilda", Old Irish "biail", Russian "bilo" (hammer). > Notice the striking resemblance between Turkish "balta" and Old Norse > "bilda". > > Johan Vandewalle > > -- > Sincerely, > M. Hubey > hubeyh at mail.montclair.edu > http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey > <><><><><><><><><><><><><><>----Language----<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> > Copyrights and "Fair Use": http://www.templetions.com/brad//copyright.html > "This means that if you are doing things like comment on a copyrighted work, making fun of it, > teaching about it or researching it, you can make some limited use of the work without permission. > For example you can quote excerpts to show how poor the writing quality is. You can teach a > course about T.S. Eliot and quote lines from his poems to the class to do so. Some people think > fair use is a wholesale licence to copy if you don't charge or if you are in education, and it isn't. > If you want to republish other stuff without permission and think you have a fair use defence, you > should read the more detailed discussions of the subject you will find through the links above." You have already cited examples in IE derived from IE *bhei-l- and Semitic (pilakku). Of course, there is Arabic fala�a, 'cleave, split', which probably is related. I suspect the real cognate is fa:la (fyl), 'weak in judgment' ('split'). Pat PATRICK C. RYAN (501) 227-9947; FAX/DATA (501)312-9947 9115 W. 34th St. Little Rock, AR 72204-4441 USA WEBPAGES: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/2803 and PROTO-RELIGION: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/2803/proto-religion/indexR.html "Veit ek, at ek hekk, vindga mei?i, n�tr allar n�u, geiri unda?r . . . a ?eim mei?i er mangi veit hvers hann af r�tum renn." (H�vamal 138) <><><><><><><><><><><><><><>----Language----<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Copyrights and "Fair Use": http://www.templetions.com/brad//copyright.html "This means that if you are doing things like comment on a copyrighted work, making fun of it, teaching about it or researching it, you can make some limited use of the work without permission. For example you can quote excerpts to show how poor the writing quality is. You can teach a course about T.S. Eliot and quote lines from his poems to the class to do so. Some people think fair use is a wholesale licence to copy if you don't charge or if you are in education, and it isn't. If you want to republish other stuff without permission and think you have a fair use defence, you should read the more detailed discussions of the subject you will find through the links above." From HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu Tue Jul 13 15:38:35 1999 From: HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu (H. Mark Hubey) Date: Tue, 13 Jul 1999 11:38:35 -0400 Subject: Nostratic word and distance measures Message-ID: <><><><><><><><><><><><>--This is the Language List--<><><><><><><><><><><><><> "Patrick C. Ryan" wrote: > > > > In Turkic 'bOl' (where O=o-umlaut) means "to divide, to split" so > > the word could have been bOlek (compare to balag in Sumerian). > > There is also 'bile' (to sharpen) and bilew (whetstone). Then there > > is 'UlUsh' (where U=u-umlaut, meaning share,ration, division) > > which seems should derive from 'bOlUsh' (division). It is agreed > > upon by Turkologists that *p > *h >0 for initial p in Turkic. > > Some words with initial h can still be found in Khalaj and found > > sporadically in others. So if we had *p > b in some words and > > *p>h>0 in others these words would fit together. > > > > What root is offered for this word in other languages such as > > Semitic and IE? > You have already cited examples in IE derived from IE *bhei-l- and Semitic > (pilakku). Of course, there is Arabic fala¿a, 'cleave, split', which > probably is related. I suspect the real cognate is fa:la (fyl), 'weak in > judgment' ('split'). What reconstructed root is offered for the word in IE and Semitic? It sounds like Arabic is derived from an earlier pilakku, and fa:la seems to also derive from some other form. I think we need a root. Does *bhei-l obey the regularity rule to derive Greek pelekus, or Sanskrit parachu? -- Sincerely, M. Hubey hubeyh at mail.montclair.edu http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey <><><><><><><><><><><><><><>----Language----<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Copyrights and "Fair Use": http://www.templetions.com/brad//copyright.html "This means that if you are doing things like comment on a copyrighted work, making fun of it, teaching about it or researching it, you can make some limited use of the work without permission. For example you can quote excerpts to show how poor the writing quality is. You can teach a course about T.S. Eliot and quote lines from his poems to the class to do so. Some people think fair use is a wholesale licence to copy if you don't charge or if you are in education, and it isn't. If you want to republish other stuff without permission and think you have a fair use defence, you should read the more detailed discussions of the subject you will find through the links above." From proto-language at email.msn.com Tue Jul 13 20:33:02 1999 From: proto-language at email.msn.com (Patrick C. Ryan) Date: Tue, 13 Jul 1999 15:33:02 -0500 Subject: Nostratic word and distance measures Message-ID: <><><><><><><><><><><><>--This is the Language List--<><><><><><><><><><><><><> Dear Mark and Linguists: ----- Original Message ----- From: H. Mark Hubey To: language Sent: Tuesday, July 13, 1999 10:38 AM Subject: Re: Nostratic word and distance measures Pat wrote: > > You have already cited examples in IE derived from IE *bhei-l- and Semitic > > (pilakku). Of course, there is Arabic fala�a, 'cleave, split', which > > probably is related. I suspect the real cognate is fa:la (fyl), 'weak in > > judgment' ('split'). Mark asked: > What reconstructed root is offered for the word in IE and Semitic? > It sounds like Arabic is derived from an earlier pilakku, and fa:la > seems to also derive from some other form. I think we need a root. > Does *bhei-l obey the regularity rule to derive Greek pelekus, or > Sanskrit parachu? Pat answers: No, not at all. There are two IE roots involved in the words you cited: the other is *1. (s)p(h)el-, split, split off, splinter off, rip off'; and the related *(s)p(h)elg-. For Semitic, one might also notice Arabic ba:na (byn) (IE *bhei-n-, listed under *bhei(6)-, beat), became separated, severed, disunited, cut off; and balaqa, open. Pat PATRICK C. RYAN (501) 227-9947; FAX/DATA (501)312-9947 9115 W. 34th St. Little Rock, AR 72204-4441 USA WEBPAGES: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/2803 and PROTO-RELIGION: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/2803/proto-religion/indexR.html "Veit ek, at ek hekk, vindga mei?i, n�tr allar n�u, geiri unda?r . . . a ?eim mei?i er mangi veit hvers hann af r�tum renn." (H�vamal 138) <><><><><><><><><><><><><><>----Language----<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Copyrights and "Fair Use": http://www.templetions.com/brad//copyright.html "This means that if you are doing things like comment on a copyrighted work, making fun of it, teaching about it or researching it, you can make some limited use of the work without permission. For example you can quote excerpts to show how poor the writing quality is. You can teach a course about T.S. Eliot and quote lines from his poems to the class to do so. Some people think fair use is a wholesale licence to copy if you don't charge or if you are in education, and it isn't. If you want to republish other stuff without permission and think you have a fair use defence, you should read the more detailed discussions of the subject you will find through the links above." From HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu Sat Jul 17 03:27:55 1999 From: HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu (H. Mark Hubey) Date: Fri, 16 Jul 1999 23:27:55 -0400 Subject: Comparative Method Message-ID: <><><><><><><><><><><><>--This is the Language List--<><><><><><><><><><><><><> The manuscript "The Comparative Method" can be found at: http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey/ZIP/comp-pdf.zip It is in compressed (zipped) Acrobat (.pdf) format. It requires the Adobe Acrobat Reader which is freely available everywhere on the Internet. There are graphics and equations in the manuscript and it cannot be put into any other format. The National Science Foundation mathematics division has standardized on the .pdf format and it could become an Internet standard. -- Sincerely, M. Hubey hubeyh at mail.montclair.edu http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey <><><><><><><><><><><><><><>----Language----<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Copyrights and "Fair Use": http://www.templetions.com/brad//copyright.html "This means that if you are doing things like comment on a copyrighted work, making fun of it, teaching about it or researching it, you can make some limited use of the work without permission. For example you can quote excerpts to show how poor the writing quality is. You can teach a course about T.S. Eliot and quote lines from his poems to the class to do so. Some people think fair use is a wholesale licence to copy if you don't charge or if you are in education, and it isn't. If you want to republish other stuff without permission and think you have a fair use defence, you should read the more detailed discussions of the subject you will find through the links above." From HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu Sat Jul 17 04:43:32 1999 From: HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu (H. Mark Hubey) Date: Sat, 17 Jul 1999 00:43:32 -0400 Subject: Mathematics of the Historical Method; use, misuse and abuse Message-ID: <><><><><><><><><><><><>--This is the Language List--<><><><><><><><><><><><><> The manuscript "Mathematics of the Historical Method; use, misuse and abuse" can be found at: http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey/ZIP/hist-pdf.zip It is in compressed (zipped) Acrobat (.pdf) format. It requires the Adobe Acrobat Reader which is freely available everywhere on the Internet. There are graphics and equations in the manuscript and it cannot be put into any other format. -- Sincerely, M. Hubey hubeyh at mail.montclair.edu http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey <><><><><><><><><><><><><><>----Language----<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Copyrights and "Fair Use": http://www.templetions.com/brad//copyright.html "This means that if you are doing things like comment on a copyrighted work, making fun of it, teaching about it or researching it, you can make some limited use of the work without permission. For example you can quote excerpts to show how poor the writing quality is. You can teach a course about T.S. Eliot and quote lines from his poems to the class to do so. Some people think fair use is a wholesale licence to copy if you don't charge or if you are in education, and it isn't. If you want to republish other stuff without permission and think you have a fair use defence, you should read the more detailed discussions of the subject you will find through the links above." From HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu Mon Jul 12 17:22:32 1999 From: HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu (H. Mark Hubey) Date: Mon, 12 Jul 1999 13:22:32 -0400 Subject: Nostratic word and distance measures Message-ID: <><><><><><><><><><><><>--This is the Language List--<><><><><><><><><><><><><> The list has been dead a while. I think I have a word that will as the equivalent of "7" that has been argued about by Semiticists and IEanists. The word is Turkic balta. Since I just finished reading Dr. Eren's Turkish Etymological Dictionary, and in which this word is kicked around a lot, and which I had already read here and there, it seems like a good idea. Here are the Turkic versions: balta, Turkish, TatK, Balkar, Krg palta, Tkm, Alt, Tel, Shor, SAg, Koy, Kaca, Kuer baltu, Tar, etc balag (beil) Sumer porat, Tokharian pada < *parta, Saka fa'ra't, Ossetian *parathu, Old Farsi (?) paltu < pashtu, Akkadian purta, Chuvash parashu, Old Indian paltu < pashtu, pashu, Assyrian (assyro-baby-lonisch) pelekus, Greek pilakku, Assyrian parachu, Sanskrit In Turkic 'bOl' (where O=o-umlaut) means "to divide, to split" so the word could have been bOlek (compare to balag in Sumerian). There is also 'bile' (to sharpen) and bilew (whetstone). Then there is 'UlUsh' (where U=u-umlaut, meaning share,ration, division) which seems should derive from 'bOlUsh' (division). It is agreed upon by Turkologists that *p > *h >0 for initial p in Turkic. Some words with initial h can still be found in Khalaj and found sporadically in others. So if we had *p > b in some words and *p>h>0 in others these words would fit together. What root is offered for this word in other languages such as Semitic and IE? I think this would also be a good discussion of measuring phonological distances between words. ----------------------from Usenet sci.lang------------------- To me Turkish "balta" (axe), has always seemed related to our Dutch "bijl" (axe). van Dale's Etymologisch woordenboek relates "bijl" to Middle Dutch "bile, bijl", Old Saxonian "bil" (sword), Althochdeutsch "bihal", Old English "bill", Old Norse "bilda", Old Irish "biail", Russian "bilo" (hammer). Notice the striking resemblance between Turkish "balta" and Old Norse "bilda". Johan Vandewalle -- Sincerely, M. Hubey hubeyh at mail.montclair.edu http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey <><><><><><><><><><><><><><>----Language----<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Copyrights and "Fair Use": http://www.templetions.com/brad//copyright.html "This means that if you are doing things like comment on a copyrighted work, making fun of it, teaching about it or researching it, you can make some limited use of the work without permission. For example you can quote excerpts to show how poor the writing quality is. You can teach a course about T.S. Eliot and quote lines from his poems to the class to do so. Some people think fair use is a wholesale licence to copy if you don't charge or if you are in education, and it isn't. If you want to republish other stuff without permission and think you have a fair use defence, you should read the more detailed discussions of the subject you will find through the links above." From proto-language at email.msn.com Mon Jul 12 22:08:42 1999 From: proto-language at email.msn.com (Patrick C. Ryan) Date: Mon, 12 Jul 1999 17:08:42 -0500 Subject: Nostratic word and distance measures Message-ID: <><><><><><><><><><><><>--This is the Language List--<><><><><><><><><><><><><> Dear Mark and Linguists: ----- Original Message ----- From: H. Mark Hubey To: language Sent: Monday, July 12, 1999 12:22 PM Subject: Nostratic word and distance measures > <><><><><><><><><><><><>--This is the Language List--<><><><><><><><><><><><><> > > > The list has been dead a while. I think I have a word that will > as the equivalent of "7" that has been argued about by > Semiticists and IEanists. > > The word is Turkic balta. Since I just finished reading Dr. Eren's > Turkish Etymological Dictionary, and in which this word is kicked > around a lot, and which I had already read here and there, it seems > like a good idea. Here are the Turkic versions: > > balta, Turkish, TatK, Balkar, Krg > palta, Tkm, Alt, Tel, Shor, SAg, Koy, Kaca, Kuer > baltu, Tar, etc > > balag (beil) Sumer > porat, Tokharian > pada < *parta, Saka > fa'ra't, Ossetian > *parathu, Old Farsi (?) > paltu < pashtu, Akkadian > purta, Chuvash > parashu, Old Indian > paltu < pashtu, pashu, Assyrian (assyro-baby-lonisch) > pelekus, Greek > pilakku, Assyrian > parachu, Sanskrit > > > In Turkic 'bOl' (where O=o-umlaut) means "to divide, to split" so > the word could have been bOlek (compare to balag in Sumerian). > There is also 'bile' (to sharpen) and bilew (whetstone). Then there > is 'UlUsh' (where U=u-umlaut, meaning share,ration, division) > which seems should derive from 'bOlUsh' (division). It is agreed > upon by Turkologists that *p > *h >0 for initial p in Turkic. > Some words with initial h can still be found in Khalaj and found > sporadically in others. So if we had *p > b in some words and > *p>h>0 in others these words would fit together. > > What root is offered for this word in other languages such as > Semitic and IE? > > I think this would also be a good discussion of measuring > phonological distances between words. > > > > ----------------------from Usenet sci.lang------------------- > To me Turkish "balta" (axe), has always seemed related to our Dutch > "bijl" > (axe). van Dale's Etymologisch woordenboek relates "bijl" to Middle > Dutch "bile, > bijl", Old Saxonian "bil" (sword), Althochdeutsch "bihal", Old English > "bill", Old Norse "bilda", Old Irish "biail", Russian "bilo" (hammer). > Notice the striking resemblance between Turkish "balta" and Old Norse > "bilda". > > Johan Vandewalle > > -- > Sincerely, > M. Hubey > hubeyh at mail.montclair.edu > http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey > <><><><><><><><><><><><><><>----Language----<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> > Copyrights and "Fair Use": http://www.templetions.com/brad//copyright.html > "This means that if you are doing things like comment on a copyrighted work, making fun of it, > teaching about it or researching it, you can make some limited use of the work without permission. > For example you can quote excerpts to show how poor the writing quality is. You can teach a > course about T.S. Eliot and quote lines from his poems to the class to do so. Some people think > fair use is a wholesale licence to copy if you don't charge or if you are in education, and it isn't. > If you want to republish other stuff without permission and think you have a fair use defence, you > should read the more detailed discussions of the subject you will find through the links above." You have already cited examples in IE derived from IE *bhei-l- and Semitic (pilakku). Of course, there is Arabic fala?a, 'cleave, split', which probably is related. I suspect the real cognate is fa:la (fyl), 'weak in judgment' ('split'). Pat PATRICK C. RYAN (501) 227-9947; FAX/DATA (501)312-9947 9115 W. 34th St. Little Rock, AR 72204-4441 USA WEBPAGES: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/2803 and PROTO-RELIGION: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/2803/proto-religion/indexR.html "Veit ek, at ek hekk, vindga mei?i, n?tr allar n?u, geiri unda?r . . . a ?eim mei?i er mangi veit hvers hann af r?tum renn." (H?vamal 138) <><><><><><><><><><><><><><>----Language----<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Copyrights and "Fair Use": http://www.templetions.com/brad//copyright.html "This means that if you are doing things like comment on a copyrighted work, making fun of it, teaching about it or researching it, you can make some limited use of the work without permission. For example you can quote excerpts to show how poor the writing quality is. You can teach a course about T.S. Eliot and quote lines from his poems to the class to do so. Some people think fair use is a wholesale licence to copy if you don't charge or if you are in education, and it isn't. If you want to republish other stuff without permission and think you have a fair use defence, you should read the more detailed discussions of the subject you will find through the links above." From HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu Tue Jul 13 15:38:35 1999 From: HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu (H. Mark Hubey) Date: Tue, 13 Jul 1999 11:38:35 -0400 Subject: Nostratic word and distance measures Message-ID: <><><><><><><><><><><><>--This is the Language List--<><><><><><><><><><><><><> "Patrick C. Ryan" wrote: > > > > In Turkic 'bOl' (where O=o-umlaut) means "to divide, to split" so > > the word could have been bOlek (compare to balag in Sumerian). > > There is also 'bile' (to sharpen) and bilew (whetstone). Then there > > is 'UlUsh' (where U=u-umlaut, meaning share,ration, division) > > which seems should derive from 'bOlUsh' (division). It is agreed > > upon by Turkologists that *p > *h >0 for initial p in Turkic. > > Some words with initial h can still be found in Khalaj and found > > sporadically in others. So if we had *p > b in some words and > > *p>h>0 in others these words would fit together. > > > > What root is offered for this word in other languages such as > > Semitic and IE? > You have already cited examples in IE derived from IE *bhei-l- and Semitic > (pilakku). Of course, there is Arabic fala?a, 'cleave, split', which > probably is related. I suspect the real cognate is fa:la (fyl), 'weak in > judgment' ('split'). What reconstructed root is offered for the word in IE and Semitic? It sounds like Arabic is derived from an earlier pilakku, and fa:la seems to also derive from some other form. I think we need a root. Does *bhei-l obey the regularity rule to derive Greek pelekus, or Sanskrit parachu? -- Sincerely, M. Hubey hubeyh at mail.montclair.edu http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey <><><><><><><><><><><><><><>----Language----<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Copyrights and "Fair Use": http://www.templetions.com/brad//copyright.html "This means that if you are doing things like comment on a copyrighted work, making fun of it, teaching about it or researching it, you can make some limited use of the work without permission. For example you can quote excerpts to show how poor the writing quality is. You can teach a course about T.S. Eliot and quote lines from his poems to the class to do so. Some people think fair use is a wholesale licence to copy if you don't charge or if you are in education, and it isn't. If you want to republish other stuff without permission and think you have a fair use defence, you should read the more detailed discussions of the subject you will find through the links above." From proto-language at email.msn.com Tue Jul 13 20:33:02 1999 From: proto-language at email.msn.com (Patrick C. Ryan) Date: Tue, 13 Jul 1999 15:33:02 -0500 Subject: Nostratic word and distance measures Message-ID: <><><><><><><><><><><><>--This is the Language List--<><><><><><><><><><><><><> Dear Mark and Linguists: ----- Original Message ----- From: H. Mark Hubey To: language Sent: Tuesday, July 13, 1999 10:38 AM Subject: Re: Nostratic word and distance measures Pat wrote: > > You have already cited examples in IE derived from IE *bhei-l- and Semitic > > (pilakku). Of course, there is Arabic fala?a, 'cleave, split', which > > probably is related. I suspect the real cognate is fa:la (fyl), 'weak in > > judgment' ('split'). Mark asked: > What reconstructed root is offered for the word in IE and Semitic? > It sounds like Arabic is derived from an earlier pilakku, and fa:la > seems to also derive from some other form. I think we need a root. > Does *bhei-l obey the regularity rule to derive Greek pelekus, or > Sanskrit parachu? Pat answers: No, not at all. There are two IE roots involved in the words you cited: the other is *1. (s)p(h)el-, split, split off, splinter off, rip off'; and the related *(s)p(h)elg-. For Semitic, one might also notice Arabic ba:na (byn) (IE *bhei-n-, listed under *bhei(6)-, beat), became separated, severed, disunited, cut off; and balaqa, open. Pat PATRICK C. RYAN (501) 227-9947; FAX/DATA (501)312-9947 9115 W. 34th St. Little Rock, AR 72204-4441 USA WEBPAGES: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/2803 and PROTO-RELIGION: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/2803/proto-religion/indexR.html "Veit ek, at ek hekk, vindga mei?i, n?tr allar n?u, geiri unda?r . . . a ?eim mei?i er mangi veit hvers hann af r?tum renn." (H?vamal 138) <><><><><><><><><><><><><><>----Language----<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Copyrights and "Fair Use": http://www.templetions.com/brad//copyright.html "This means that if you are doing things like comment on a copyrighted work, making fun of it, teaching about it or researching it, you can make some limited use of the work without permission. For example you can quote excerpts to show how poor the writing quality is. You can teach a course about T.S. Eliot and quote lines from his poems to the class to do so. Some people think fair use is a wholesale licence to copy if you don't charge or if you are in education, and it isn't. If you want to republish other stuff without permission and think you have a fair use defence, you should read the more detailed discussions of the subject you will find through the links above." From HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu Sat Jul 17 03:27:55 1999 From: HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu (H. Mark Hubey) Date: Fri, 16 Jul 1999 23:27:55 -0400 Subject: Comparative Method Message-ID: <><><><><><><><><><><><>--This is the Language List--<><><><><><><><><><><><><> The manuscript "The Comparative Method" can be found at: http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey/ZIP/comp-pdf.zip It is in compressed (zipped) Acrobat (.pdf) format. It requires the Adobe Acrobat Reader which is freely available everywhere on the Internet. There are graphics and equations in the manuscript and it cannot be put into any other format. The National Science Foundation mathematics division has standardized on the .pdf format and it could become an Internet standard. -- Sincerely, M. Hubey hubeyh at mail.montclair.edu http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey <><><><><><><><><><><><><><>----Language----<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Copyrights and "Fair Use": http://www.templetions.com/brad//copyright.html "This means that if you are doing things like comment on a copyrighted work, making fun of it, teaching about it or researching it, you can make some limited use of the work without permission. For example you can quote excerpts to show how poor the writing quality is. You can teach a course about T.S. Eliot and quote lines from his poems to the class to do so. Some people think fair use is a wholesale licence to copy if you don't charge or if you are in education, and it isn't. If you want to republish other stuff without permission and think you have a fair use defence, you should read the more detailed discussions of the subject you will find through the links above." From HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu Sat Jul 17 04:43:32 1999 From: HubeyH at mail.montclair.edu (H. Mark Hubey) Date: Sat, 17 Jul 1999 00:43:32 -0400 Subject: Mathematics of the Historical Method; use, misuse and abuse Message-ID: <><><><><><><><><><><><>--This is the Language List--<><><><><><><><><><><><><> The manuscript "Mathematics of the Historical Method; use, misuse and abuse" can be found at: http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey/ZIP/hist-pdf.zip It is in compressed (zipped) Acrobat (.pdf) format. It requires the Adobe Acrobat Reader which is freely available everywhere on the Internet. There are graphics and equations in the manuscript and it cannot be put into any other format. -- Sincerely, M. Hubey hubeyh at mail.montclair.edu http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey <><><><><><><><><><><><><><>----Language----<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Copyrights and "Fair Use": http://www.templetions.com/brad//copyright.html "This means that if you are doing things like comment on a copyrighted work, making fun of it, teaching about it or researching it, you can make some limited use of the work without permission. For example you can quote excerpts to show how poor the writing quality is. You can teach a course about T.S. Eliot and quote lines from his poems to the class to do so. Some people think fair use is a wholesale licence to copy if you don't charge or if you are in education, and it isn't. If you want to republish other stuff without permission and think you have a fair use defence, you should read the more detailed discussions of the subject you will find through the links above."