<html><body>
<br><font size=2 face="Times New Roman">When I attended Lexicom workshop at the University of Brighton in July 2000, we had a lecture on tests to do in order to decide whether two readings of a word comprised one sense or two senses of a word. I incorporated this information into my Powerpoint presentation on Lexicography that in give when I do LinguaLinks workshops. Here it is in point form. Of course the examples are in English and it might be more difficult to come up with these tests in the 'vernacular' language.</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2 face="Times New Roman">Verna Stutzman</font>
<br><font size=2 face="Times New Roman">LinguaLInks Technical manager</font>
<br><font size=2 face="Times New Roman">SIL International</font>
<br><font size=2 face="Times New Roman">Dallas, TX</font>
<div align=center>
<br><font size=5 face="Times New Roman">One sense or two?</font></div>
<br><font size=3 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">bank money bank river bank</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">dog (n) species male of species</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">blue light blue dark blue</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">hand left hand right hand </font>
<br>
<div align=center>
<br><font size=5 face="Times New Roman">Indirect indications</font></div>
<br><font size=3 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">Morphology</font>
<br><font size=2 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">hang – hanged the thief vs. hang – hung clothes </font>
<br><font size=2 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">kneel – kneeled vs. kneel – knelt </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">Synonym</font>
<br><font size=2 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">match – lucifer vs. match - contest </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">Antonym</font>
<br><font size=2 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">light – heavy vs. light – dark </font>
<br><font size=2 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">thin – thick (tree) vs. thin – fat (person) </font>
<br>
<div align=center>
<br><font size=5 face="Times New Roman">Indirect indications</font></div>
<br><font size=3 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">Translation into another language</font>
<br><font size=2 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">drug – drogue vs. drug – médicament (French) </font>
<br><font size=2 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">light blue vs. dark blue (Russian) </font>
<br>
<div align=center>
<br><font size=5 face="Times New Roman">Semantic Tests</font></div>
<br><font size=3 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">Yes/no </font>
<br><font size=3 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">Zeugma</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">Crossed readings</font>
<div align=center>
<br><font size=5 face="Times New Roman">Format of tests</font></div>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>Word: </b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>R1: identify sense discriminations; different readings (R1 vs. R2)</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>R2:</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>TEST: devise test sentence/scenario</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>RESULT: Is it plausible/funny/weird?</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>INFERENCE: implication of result (same or different)</b></font>
<br>
<div align=center>
<br><font size=5 face="Times New Roman">Yes/no Test</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Times New Roman">If both the <b>yes</b> answer and the <b>no</b> answer are plausible = different senses.</font></div>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>Word: dog</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>R1: species of dog</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>R2: male dog</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>TEST: Is that a dog? (Yes, it's a spaniel. No, it's a bitch.)</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>RESULT: Both scenarios plausible.</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>INFERENCE: Different senses</b></font>
<br>
<div align=center>
<br><font size=6 face="Times New Roman">Yes/no Test</font>
<br><font size=4 face="Times New Roman">If one answer doesn't make sense = same sense.</font></div>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>Word: hand</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>R1: left hand</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>R2: right hand</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>TEST: Did he raise his hand? (Yes, he raised his right hand. No, he raised his left hand.)</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>RESULT: Not OK.</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>INFERENCE: Same sense</b></font>
<br>
<div align=center>
<br><font size=5 face="Times New Roman">Zeugma test</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Times New Roman">If sentence is not OK = different senses.</font></div>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>Word: grow</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>R1: produce by planting</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>R2: became</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>TEST: I grew alfalfa and bored.</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>RESULT: Not OK.</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>INFERENCE: Different senses</b></font>
<br>
<div align=center>
<br><font size=5 face="Times New Roman">Zeugma test</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Times New Roman">If sentence is OK = same sense.</font></div>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>Word: carry</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>R1: transport inanimate object</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>R2: transport animate object</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>TEST: She carried a sack of groceries and a child.</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>RESULT: OK.</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>INFERENCE: Same sense</b></font>
<br>
<div align=center>
<br><font size=5 face="Times New Roman">Crossed readings Test</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Times New Roman">If crossed readings not possible = different senses.</font></div>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>Word: bank</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>R1: river bank</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>R2: money bank</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>TEST: Mary blew up the bank and so did John. (could be robbers or dam busters)</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>RESULT: Crossed readings not possible</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>INFERENCE: Different senses</b></font>
<br>
<div align=center>
<br><font size=5 face="Times New Roman">Crossed readings Test</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Times New Roman">If crossed readings okay = same sense.</font></div>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>Word: hand</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>R1: left hand</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>R2: right hand</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>TEST: Mary put up her hand and so did John.</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>RESULT: Crossed reading OK.</b></font>
<br><font size=1 face="Wingdings">v </font><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><b>INFERENCE: Same sense</b></font>
<br>
<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
<table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
<tr bgcolor=#FFFFCC>
<td align=center><font size="-1" color=#003399><b>Yahoo! Groups Sponsor</b></font></td>
</tr>
<tr bgcolor=#FFFFFF>
<td align=center width=470><table><tr><td align=center><font face=arial size=-2>ADVERTISEMENT</font><br>
<IFRAME SRC="http://ad.doubleclick.net/adi/N3349.yahoo1/B1282054.27;sz=300x250;code=18634;dcopt=rcl;click=http://rd.yahoo.com/SIG=12coenb5g/M=274551.4550177.5761904.1261774/D=egroupweb/S=1709195911:HM/EXP=1078859049/A=2019528/R=0/SIG=10ovsqsd2/*;ord=1078772649028527?" WIDTH=302 HEIGHT=252 MARGINWIDTH=0 MARGINHEIGHT=0 HSPACE=0 VSPACE=0 FRAMEBORDER=0 SCROLLING=no BORDERCOLOR='#000000'>
<SCRIPT language='JavaScript1.1' SRC="http://ad.doubleclick.net/adj/N3349.yahoo1/B1282054.27;abr=!ie;sz=300x250;code=18634;dcopt=rcl;click=http://rd.yahoo.com/SIG=12coenb5g/M=274551.4550177.5761904.1261774/D=egroupweb/S=1709195911:HM/EXP=1078859049/A=2019528/R=1/SIG=10ovsqsd2/*;ord=1078772649028527?">
</SCRIPT>
<NOSCRIPT>
<A HREF="http://rd.yahoo.com/SIG=12coenb5g/M=274551.4550177.5761904.1261774/D=egroupweb/S=1709195911:HM/EXP=1078859049/A=2019528/R=2/SIG=141pr992i/*http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/N3349.yahoo1/B1282054.27;abr=!ie4;abr=!ie5;sz=300x250;code=18634;dcopt=rcl;ord=1078772649028527?">
<IMG SRC="http://ad.doubleclick.net/ad/N3349.yahoo1/B1282054.27;abr=!ie4;abr=!ie5;sz=300x250;code=18634;dcopt=rcl;ord=1078772649028527?" BORDER=0 WIDTH=300 HEIGHT=250 ALT="Click Here">Click Here</A>
</NOSCRIPT>
</IFRAME>
</td></tr></table></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><img alt="" width=1 height=1 src="http://us.adserver.yahoo.com/l?M=274551.4550177.5761904.1261774/D=egroupweb/S=:HM/A=2019528/rand=188136197"></td></tr>
</table>
<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->
<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
<br>
<tt><hr width="500">
<b>Yahoo! Groups Links</b><br>
<ul>
<li>To visit your group on the web, go to:<br><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lexicographylist/">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lexicographylist/</a><br>
<li>To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:<br><a href="mailto:lexicographylist-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com?subject=Unsubscribe">lexicographylist-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com</a><br>
<li>Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the <a href="http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/">Yahoo! Terms of Service</a>.
</ul>
</tt>
</br>
<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->
</body></html>