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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I would suggest you begin a kind of
picture book of as many plants, flowers and trees that you can gather
information on from those areas. I have mine on computer in digital form. There
should be books or other resources about what flora, in general, is found in
the Congo or other nearby or similar areas. It wouldn´t have to be the exact
area you are targeting. You can find a good picture of just about any plant or
tree on the Internet now. Find the scientific name of flora that occurs in your
area, look them up on the internet, and then make a good printout <span
class=GramE>of<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>them</span> (or store
them on your computer). You can use these pictures to help people identify what
the name of that plant is. These could be speakers of the language who visit
you from those areas or who are visited in those areas. I imagine you could
also use them as part of a DDP workshop.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>You´d still have to do good research to
make sure you get the right names. People will give you the wrong names for
plants. I have found that when several people agree on the name of a plant,
then usually you can be pretty sure it is correct (not always, though). I never
take one or two people’s opinions of what a plant is called. I have over
400 plant names and 300 pictures in my database. I’d say I’m pretty
sure about the names of 200 of them. Each time I have an opportunity to do more
research, either on visits to those areas, or if someone visits me, then I am
able to add to and/or clarify these names. I just took a trip to a new area a
few days ago and got thirty new names and clarified several I had had doubts
about. I also have doubts about one name I was pretty sure about before. That’s
the way it goes in my research.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>You may only end up knowing the names for
that general kind of plant and not the exact name for each species. That would
still be better than what it seems you have now.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Hope that helps,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Crockett<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'>-----Original Message-----<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b> Cami Borza [</span></font><st1:PersonName><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>mail</span></font></st1:PersonName><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>to:camiborza@yahoo.com<span
class=GramE>] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent</span></b></span><b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>:</span></b> Monday, April 26, 2004 9:25 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Lexicog]
Lacunae-what should then go in the dictionary?</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Chaz,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>When you mentioned there is no difference between tree and wood, I
remembered a problem that I have on what to enter in a dictionary and I would
like to ask you all your opinions on this. Let me explain:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>I'm working with 8 Congolese languages and the lexicography work was
very slow so far, collecting even as little as 2000 words in 20 years. Now we
have decided that I would help all the teams put together a very small,
basic dictionary (without definitions or much explanation, basically the
word and <span class=GramE>it's</span> equivalent in French). To do this we are
using Ron Moe's DDP.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The problem that I have encountered is that the natives came
up with lots of words for plants and animals (and not only) that they
don't know what it is in French. So, I ended up with a long, long lists of
"sort of<span class=GramE>...(</span>plant, animal etc.)". <span
class=GramE>Now that is more or less OK for now, for this little dictionary.</span>
<span class=GramE>But what about a bigger, broader dictionary?</span>
There might be plants or animals that have not even been discovered yet by
"westerners" or botanists or zoologists!? <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>But even if we don't go that far, what would you guys do with this kind
of words that the natives do not know what it is in the national language or
language of broader circulation? For example: one of our <span
class=GramE>project</span> gave me about 10 different words for different kinds
of "manioc" (a plant they eat in Congo). Their national language is
French and I'm sure they have no idea what those words would be in French. So,
what is a lexicographer supposed to do in this case? <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Thanks for the input,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Cami Borza<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>SIL-ECG<br>
<br>
<b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>Chaz and Helga Mortensen
<chaz_mortensen@sil.org></span></i></b> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #1010FF 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;
margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><tt><font size=2
face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Wayne wrote:</span></font></tt><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><br>
<br>
<tt><font face="Courier New">> In your research, what (apparent) lexical
lacunae have you encountered,</font></tt><br>
<tt><font face="Courier New">> <span class=GramE>where</span> there is lack
of lexicalization for concepts which seem to be part</font></tt><br>
<span class=GramE><tt><font face="Courier New">of</font></tt></span><br>
<tt><font face="Courier New">> <span class=GramE>the</span> culture of the
language speakers?</font></tt><br>
<br>
<tt><font face="Courier New">It's not a lack of lexicalization, but it has
always struck me as odd that</font></tt><br>
<span class=GramE><tt><font face="Courier New">the</font></tt></span><tt><font
face="Courier New"> Emberas, who live in the jungle, don't differentiate
between "tree" and</font></tt><br>
<tt><font face="Courier New">"<span class=GramE>wood</span>".</font></tt><br>
<br>
<tt><font face="Courier New">-Chaz</font></tt></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</blockquote>
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