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The Northern Athabaskan languages have a very<br>
productive system of noun incorporation, but the<br>
Southern ones, like Navajo, do not. I've found some<br>
remnant incorporation forms in Jicarilla Apache,<br>
but it's not a productive strategy. Baker would<br>
say that Northern Athabaskan languages are not<br>
polysynthetic because, although they have noun<br>
incorporation, they do not have obligatory <br>
agreement prefixes for subject and object. He<br>
would say that the Southern Athabaskan languages<br>
are not polysyhnthetic because, although they<br>
have obligatory agreement prefixes, they don't<br>
have noun incorporation. If you think of polysynthesis<br>
as being a matter of high synthesis and high fusion,<br>
however, I think all Athabaskan languages qualify<br>
as polysynthetic.<br>
Melissa<br>
<br>
<br>
Kenneth C. Hill wrote:<br>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid20040601204350.56666.qmail@web12204.mail.yahoo.com">
<pre wrap="">Thanks for this information. My impression of Athabascan languages not
being incorporating comes from a now long-ago course I took with Harry
Hoijer in which we studied Navajo verb morphology. There were a lot of
prefixes, derivational and inflectional prefixes interdigitated in a
mind-bending sort of way and also aspectual suffixes after the verb root,
but I didn't remember the possibility of incorporating an open set of
lexical nouns into the verb as is possible in Uto-Aztecan languages such
as Nahuatl and Hopi.
Hopi, by the way, as enthusiastically incorporating as it is, is not a
properly polysynthetic language in that there are no subject/object person
markers.
--Ken
--- Melissa Axelrod <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:axelrod@unm.edu"><axelrod@unm.edu></a> wrote:
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">Some examples of incorporation from Athabaskan:
Koyukon (Northern Athabaskan)
1a. yeghedeegheenonh
's/he touched it'
1b. betooghedeegheenonh
'water (too#) touched it'
1c. hetleeghedaanoyh
's/he touches the area (ceiling) with her/his head, (tlee#)'
1d. yekkaaghedeegheenonh
's/he touched it with her/his foot, (kkaa#)'
2a. kk'oyeeltlaah
's/he handled her/him roughly, threw her/him around'
2b. kk'o'elts'eeyhyeeltlaah
'he wind (eltseeyh#) is pushing him/her around'
Jicarilla Apache (Southern Athabaskan)
1. Mitsáshii dádlomeesdzi'ee
Mi + tsáshii dá + dlo + m + ee + s + dzi + 'ee
3sg + on account of emph + laughter + 3sgO + TAM + 1sg + be
full + emph
'On account of her, I am full of laughter; she made me laugh'
Kenneth C. Hill wrote:
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">Bill Poser seems to regard the Athabascan* verbs as polysynthetic, but
</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre wrap="">I
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">believe they don't incorporate nominal roots as in the examples above
though their morphology certainly does refer to both subject and object
arguments.
*I reject both the US spelling 'Athabaskan' and the Canadian
</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre wrap="">'Athapaskan'
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">as silly attempts at a "technical" linguistic spelling of a name
</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre wrap="">clearly
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">based on the geographically established spelling '(Lake) Athabasca'.
--Ken
--- phil cash cash <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:pasxapu@DAKOTACOM.NET"><pasxapu@DAKOTACOM.NET></a> wrote:
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">thanks Bill,
why have a powerful lookup tool when the operations which emulate the
rules of the grammar are non-transparent to the dictionary user? or is
</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite">
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">this again a wrong impression? i mean this as a harmless question as
</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<pre wrap="">i
</pre>
<blockquote type="cite">
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">am just curious. though i am no computational linguist, i would like
to "model" nez perce verb morphology someday as i think i am getting
closer to the core issues relating to the "rules" of composition and
concatenation. however, in the nez perce scheme of things (i.e
polysynthesis: fusional) the morphology is tends to be more about the
syntax-semantic interface, not to mention the input-output to
phonological being just as complex if not more so. the classic
polysynthetic mohawk model of noun-incorporation (via Baker) just does
</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite">
<blockquote type="cite">
<pre wrap="">not work for nez perce.
qó'c (later)
phil cash cash (cayuse/nez perce)
UofA
On May 27, 2004, at 2:11 PM, William J Poser wrote:
</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre wrap="">[message cut from this response]
</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
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