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<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><SPAN class=671460321-04092004></SPAN>I<SPAN
class=671460321-04092004><FONT face=Arial> wonder whether a more
egalitarian society, even if it has less honorific terms, does not have other
ways of expressing respect</FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><SPAN class=671460321-04092004><FONT face=Arial>(e.g. for
age), either by verbal or non-verbal means. In Jula, a West
African language, a lot is expressed by how (long) you
greet</FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><SPAN class=671460321-04092004><FONT
face=Arial>someone</FONT> <FONT face=Arial>and what kind of handshake you
use. Addressing someone by his family name shows
respect.</FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial><SPAN class=671460321-04092004>After the
revolution in Burkina-Faso they tried to introduce egalitarianism by
imposing "camarade" (comrade) as a term of address on everyone. Now they
are</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT><SPAN class=671460321-04092004></SPAN></FONT><SPAN
class=671460321-04092004></SPAN><FONT face=Arial>b<SPAN
class=671460321-04092004>ack to "chef""(chief), a widely-used term of address in
French-speaking West Africa for certain superiors (like policemen), equals
(something like "mate") </SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial><SPAN class=671460321-04092004>and
inferiors </SPAN></FONT></FONT><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
class=671460321-04092004>(in good-natured jest) and to strangers (of someone
whose name you don't know). </SPAN></FONT></FONT><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT
face=Arial><SPAN class=671460321-04092004>Now everyone is "chef", so noone is
"chef." </SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
class=671460321-04092004></SPAN></FONT></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial><SPAN class=671460321-04092004>Fritz
Goerling</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial><SPAN class=671460321-04092004>(alias
Coulibaly Ibrahima, my African name)</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><BR><BR></DIV></FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana>My colleague Bruce Pearson and I, working on the
Lenape (Delaware Indian language), have noted that this language, spoken in an
egalitarian society, lacks many honorific terms. Pearson, who has
previously studied Japanese, spoken in a society that traditionally has been
highly stratified, has noted numerous honorifics.<BR><BR></FONT><FONT
face=Verdana>As an example, the common reply In Lenape to "Wanģshi! (Thank
you!)" is "Yuh!" which means something like "O.K.!" There is no exact
term for "You're welcome!"</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana>We have also had inquiries about how to say "Welcome!"
in the sense of welcoming someone to your home. The usual word used
is "Tėmike! (Come in!)."</FONT> <FONT face=Verdana> When speakers have
been pressed to say something more like "Welcome!" the usually have to create
a sentence like "Nulelintąm eli paan! (I am glad that you
came!)." </FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana>We wonder if other members of this list have
equated the lack of honorific terms in a language they speak or
work with to that language being used in a more egalitarian
society?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana>Jim Rementer</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT lang=0 face=Arial size=3 PTSIZE="11"
FAMILY="SANSSERIF"></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT lang=0 face=Arial size=3 PTSIZE="11" FAMILY="SANSSERIF">Lenape
Language Project<BR>The Delaware Tribe<BR>220 NW Virginia
Avenue<BR>Bartlesville OK 74003<BR>918-336-5272, ext. 503
(work)<BR></FONT></DIV><BR>
<br>
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