<html>
<body>
At 04:57 PM 9/6/2004, "Benjamin J Barrett"
<gogaku@ix.netcom.com> wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite=""><font size=2 color="#0000FF">In
Korean, post-positions have honorific forms (ek'e I think is the subject
particle corresponding to i/ga) as well. In contrast to the dual da/desu
system in Japanese, I have read that Korean has six constrasts from ni
for infants to imnida for very polite
situations.</font></blockquote><br>
<x-tab> </x-tab>Korean
has:<br>
<x-tab> </x-tab>-an
honorific (nominal) suffix -nim (seonsaeng-nim 'teacher'-HON;
puch'yeo-nim 'Buddha'-HON; hyeong-nim 'older brother'-HON; and
morph-conflated forms like abeonim 'father'-HON < abeoji, eomeonim
'mother'-HON < eomeoni, etc.), <br>
<x-tab> </x-tab>-has an
honorific verbal suffix -shi (po-shi- 'see'-HON, ka-shi 'go'-HON,
etc.),<br>
<x-tab> </x-tab>-has
various suppletive honorific verb forms (plain/honorific:
meok-/chapsushi- 'eat', cha-/chumushi- 'sleep', manna-/poep- 'meet',
etc.), <br>
<x-tab> </x-tab>-has
various pragmatic honorific distinctions: (plain/honorific~humble)
mal/malsseum 'speech', nai/yeonse 'age', sal/se 'age (in years)',
pap/shiksa 'meal'; muos i- [lit: "what is..."]/otteohke toe-
[lit.: "how does it become..."] 'what is (your name/age/etc.)',
etc. (a large portion of this registral distinction is marked by use of
native Korean versus Sino-Korean, akin to the use of
Latinate/Greek/Norman forms in English),<br>
<x-tab> </x-tab>-has
various pronominal forms for honorofic/humble distinctions
(vulgar/informal/formal: --/na/cheo 1p; ni/neo/tangshin (or other
referent) 2p; etc.), and, of course, <br>
<x-tab> </x-tab>-has
various levels of speech discourse verbal morphology -pan-mal, used
amongst friends, intimates, and chondae-mal 'formal/respectful' speech...
so far as I can tell, the middle 'polite form doesn't have a distinct
name in common currency since it seems to be the default.<br><br>
<x-tab> </x-tab>For the
various levels of verbal inflection, off the top off my head I can think
of the following (where the honorific -shi- can be used, I have included
it; use is roughly noted, since I would want to double-check what
others've detailed the levels' uses as... if others would be so kind as
to add emendations, it would be appreciated):<br><br>
ha- 'do'<br>
<x-tab> </x-tab>ha-ni<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>(rough;
used for infants and very very close friends)<br><br>
<x-tab> </x-tab>ha-e<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>(rough;
polite ending -yo omitted)<br>
<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>ha-s-e<br>
<x-tab> </x-tab>ha-o<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>(rough?
used most often by older men to those younger)<br>
<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>ha-shi-o<br><br>
<x-tab> </x-tab>ha-n-da<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>(polite,
informal)<br>
<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>ha-shi-n-da<br>
<x-tab> </x-tab>ha-e
yo<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>(polite,
formal)<br>
<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>ha-s-e
yo<br><br>
<x-tab> </x-tab>ha-mnida<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>(polite,
honorific/extremely formal)<br>
<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>ha-shi-mnida<br>
<x-tab> </x-tab><br>
cheers,<br>
-Patrick
<br>
<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
<table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
<tr bgcolor=#FFFFCC>
<td align=center><font size="-1" color=#003399><b>Yahoo! Groups Sponsor</b></font></td>
</tr>
<tr bgcolor=#FFFFFF>
<td align=center width=470><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0> <tr> <td align=center><font face=arial size=-2>ADVERTISEMENT</font><br><a href="http://us.ard.yahoo.com/SIG=129ev5o6h/M=298184.5285298.6392945.3001176/D=groups/S=1709195911:HM/EXP=1094697236/A=2319498/R=0/SIG=11thfntfp/*http://www.netflix.com/Default?mqso=60185352&partid=5285298" alt=""><img src="http://us.a1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/a/ne/netflix/81804_0704_b_300250a.gif" alt="click here" width="300" height="250" border="0"></a></td></tr></table> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td><img alt="" width=1 height=1 src="http://us.adserver.yahoo.com/l?M=298184.5285298.6392945.3001176/D=groups/S=:HM/A=2319498/rand=890221693"></td></tr>
</table>
<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->
<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
<br>
<tt><hr width="500">
<b>Yahoo! Groups Links</b><br>
<ul>
<li>To visit your group on the web, go to:<br><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lexicographylist/">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lexicographylist/</a><br>
<li>To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:<br><a href="mailto:lexicographylist-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com?subject=Unsubscribe">lexicographylist-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com</a><br>
<li>Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the <a href="http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/">Yahoo! Terms of Service</a>.
</ul>
</tt>
</br>
<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->
</body>
</html>