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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hello Wayne, </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>How reliable are our intuitions? There's
nothing odd about English "drain into".</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>How reliable is corpus data?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I work with two corpora -- the British
National Corpus (100 million words)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>and Associated Press 1991-92 (150 million words).
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>There are 1651 occurrences of the verb <FONT
color=#0000ff><STRONG>drain</STRONG></FONT> in BNC, </FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2>which include:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>47 "drain into".</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>11 "drain out". (</FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2>Surprisingly, no occurrences of "drain out
of".)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>161 "drain from".</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>In AP there are 1318 occurrences of the verb <FONT
color=#0000ff><STRONG>drain</STRONG></FONT>, which include:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>53 "drain into".</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>43 "drain out (of)".</FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>The meaning seems to be affected by the choice of
preposition -- </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>"</FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>tributaries
</FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>draining into the Colorado River" -- but
"the blood drained </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>from his face". (Where did </FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2>it drain into - his boots? Wrong question!)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>FrameNet has this verb in the Removing and <FONT
face=Arial size=2>Emptying frames.</FONT></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><FONT
face=Arial size=2> Both </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><FONT face=Arial
size=2>frames </FONT></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><FONT face=Arial
size=2>specify frame elements </FONT></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Source - Path - Goal. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><FONT face=Arial size=2>It </FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2>may be more accurate to say that in draining we
</FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>conceptualize the </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><FONT face=Arial size=2>flow </FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2>from </FONT></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><FONT face=Arial
size=2>source to goal </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>and that either source
or goal or both may be </FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><FONT face=Arial size=2>thematized </FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2>explicitly.</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Patrick</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>----- Original Message ----- </FONT>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>From: "Wayne Leman" <</FONT><A
href="mailto:wayne_leman@sil.org"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>wayne_leman@sil.org</FONT></A><FONT face=Arial size=2>></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>To: <</FONT><A
href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</FONT></A><FONT face=Arial
size=2>></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Sent: Tuesday, October 19, 2004 2:56
AM</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Subject: [Lexicog] lexicography can be
draining</FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial><BR><FONT size=2></FONT></FONT></DIV><FONT face=Arial
size=2>> <BR>> Today's fun discovery in our Cheyenne lexical work was that
the verb stem <BR>> for 'drain' has a specific morpheme meaning 'into.' As
far as I know, <BR>> speakers of English conceptualize draining as something
which liquid does <BR>> "out of" some container. Cheyennes apparently view
the process differently. <BR>> I would guess that they perceive of the liquid
going from one container <BR>> "into" another or into another space, such as
into the drain pipe. The <BR>> difference between how English 'drain' and
Cheyenne 'drain' are lexicalized <BR>> reminds me of the interesting diagrams
that Prof. Langacre of UCSD has <BR>> promoted which display semantic
conceptualizations.<BR>> <BR>> Have any of the rest of you found
interesting lexical differences like this <BR>> in languages you work with,
demonstrating different conceptual points of <BR>> view?<BR>> <BR>>
Wayne<BR>> -----<BR>> Wayne Leman<BR>> Cheyenne website: </FONT><A
href="http://www.geocities.com/cheyenne_language"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>http://www.geocities.com/cheyenne_language</FONT></A><BR><FONT face=Arial
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