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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Korafe has switch reference medial verbs, and there
are several speech formulas that incorporate at least two verbs with a switch of
subject reference between the two verbs (hit.DS-die). An
initial negative adverbial marker <EM>jo </EM></FONT><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2>and a deverbal marker <EM>ae </EM>on the verb in the terminal clause
together define the scope of negation. Since the two verbs are acting
together as a unit, the scope of negation covers the whole unit. The
structure (I) NOT hit-I.will.do.DS (2) die-not.do-COPULA where the
subject of the second clause is understood to be 3S when not overtly
present. The initial verb 'I will hit.DS' itself is not marked as negative
by its affixation but is negated by the adverb <EM>jo</EM>. The 2nd verb 'die'
is marked as being negated 'die-NEG.DEVERBAL'. However, the fact of the matter
is that the person did die (even though the second verb morphologically means
'not.die'). The negated part of this expression is 'I didn't hit', even
though hit-I.will.do.DS is a positive form of the verb.</FONT></FONT><FONT
face=Arial><FONT size=2> So literally, it says I not will hit (him) and
(he) not.dying. </FONT></FONT><FONT face=Arial><FONT size=2></DIV></FONT></FONT>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>----- Original Message ----- </FONT>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>From: "Lexicography List Facilitator" <</FONT><A
href="mailto:lexicography2004@yahoo.com"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>lexicography2004@yahoo.com</FONT></A><FONT face=Arial
size=2>></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>To: <</FONT><A
href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</FONT></A><FONT face=Arial
size=2>></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Sent: Tuesday, February 01, 2005 11:33
AM</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Subject: [Lexicog] Fw: Your
reply</FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial><BR><FONT size=2></FONT></FONT></DIV><FONT face=Arial
size=2>> <BR>> <BR>> ----- Original Message ----- <BR>> From:
"George Aubin" <</FONT><A href="mailto:gaubin@eve.assumption.edu"><FONT
face=Arial size=2>gaubin@eve.assumption.edu</FONT></A><FONT face=Arial
size=2>><BR>> To: <</FONT><A href="mailto:wayne_leman@sil.org"><FONT
face=Arial size=2>wayne_leman@sil.org</FONT></A><FONT face=Arial
size=2>><BR>> Sent: Monday, January 31, 2005 5:38 PM<BR>> Subject: Your
reply<BR>> <BR>> <BR>> Wayne:<BR>> <BR>> Thanks for your reply.
Unfortunately, after doing a bit more research<BR>> and sending a slightly
changed message along to the address you<BR>> suggested, it was rejected. If
you want to post it, here it is:<BR>> =<BR>> I've been following the
recent discussion of negatives, and I would<BR>> like to point out that the
French examples given, while accurate, do<BR>> not quite tell the whole
story.<BR>> <BR>> It is certainly true, as some have pointed out, that
negative words<BR>> used in sentences without verbs generally retain their
negative<BR>> meaning regardless of their historical origins. And it is
equally<BR>> true that one can accumulate multiple negatives in French
without any<BR>> change in the individual negative words or in their negative
meaning<BR>> (two, four, six, ... negatives do _not_ equal a positive). Thus,
a<BR>> sentence such as: "Je ne vais plus jamais nulle part avec
personne"<BR>> is perfectly grammatical with the negatives "ne...plus,
ne...jamais,<BR>> ne...nulle part, ne... personne" and has the approximate
English<BR>> meaning: "I no longer ever go anywhere with anyone."<BR>>
<BR>> But, as a minor comment on this discussion, there are some cases
in<BR>> which two negatives in French _are_ equal to a positive, with
'pas'<BR>> apparently required as the first negative in these somewhat
unusual<BR>> combinations. Two examples:<BR>> <BR>> 1) "Ce n'est pas
rien" means literally "It is not nothing", i.e. "it<BR>> is something of some
importance";<BR>> <BR>> 2) "Il n'est pas personne" means literally "He is
not nobody", i.e.<BR>> "he is someone of some importance."<BR>> <BR>>
In spite of Molière's implied criticism of structures of this type<BR>> ---
one of his characters (Bélise to Martine, Les femmes savantes,<BR>> act 2,
scene 6) says: "De pas mis avec rien tu fais la récidive, Et<BR>> c'est,
comme on t'a dit, trop d'une négative" (roughly, "by putting<BR>> 'pas' with
'rien', you are falling into your bad habits again, and<BR>> that's because,
as you've been told, there is one negative too many")<BR>> --- they are
perfectly grammatical in modern French.<BR>> <BR>> George Aubin<BR>>
=<BR>> <BR>> For some reason, I receive many if not all of the
Lexicography<BR>> postings, but I'm apparently not a full member of the group
S Curious.<BR>> <BR>> George<BR>> <BR>> <BR>> <BR>>
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