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<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><SPAN class=953013023-20022005></SPAN>H<SPAN
class=953013023-20022005><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=3>ere is a
good-natured cross-cultural joke involving
stereotypes:</FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><SPAN class=953013023-20022005></SPAN><SPAN
class=953013023-20022005></SPAN><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT
size=3>A<SPAN class=953013023-20022005>n American, Englishman, Frenchman,
German and Arab decide to write a book on
elephants.</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT
size=3><SPAN class=953013023-20022005>A year later they meet again. Everybody
shows his product. The American has written a
booklet</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT
size=3><SPAN class=953013023-20022005>"How to raise bigger and better elephants
-- faster", the Englishman shows a book
entitled</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT
size=3><SPAN class=953013023-20022005>"A sportsman's guide to elephants", the
Frenchman has written a brochure
entitled</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT
size=3><SPAN class=953013023-20022005>"the love life of elephants", the German
comes with a wheelcart behind him full of twenty
thick</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT
size=3><SPAN class=953013023-20022005>volumes entitled "A Cursory Introduction
to the Science of Elephants", the Arab has
written</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT
size=3><SPAN class=953013023-20022005>a book "Elephants - and the Palestine
question."</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT
size=3><SPAN
class=953013023-20022005></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT
face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT size=3><SPAN
class=953013023-20022005></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT
size=3><SPAN class=953013023-20022005>What kind of book would someone from your
nationality write? </SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT
size=3><SPAN
class=953013023-20022005></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT
size=3><SPAN class=953013023-20022005>Fritz
Goerling</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT
size=3><SPAN
class=953013023-20022005></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR><BR> </DIV></FONT></FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Oho! Lexicographylist has woken up
again!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Do all languages contain derogatory stereotypes
about </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>neighbouring peoples? The recent
discussion of "Dutch courage", etc. provided </FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2>some interesting examples. Does Dutch </FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2>have derogatory expressions involving </FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2>"English"? Or is Dutch stereotypically more polite -- or more
parochial -- than English? </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial><FONT size=2>Sometimes there is reciprocal derogation.
English "take French leave" is (or was) </FONT><FONT size=2>matched
</FONT><FONT size=2>by French "filer à l'anglaise". Any other good
examples?</FONT><SPAN class=953013023-20022005><FONT color=#0000ff
size=3> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff><SPAN
class=953013023-20022005> </SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff><SPAN class=953013023-20022005><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff> See
the French and English habit of calling a venereal disease
</FONT></FONT><FONT face=Arial>by each other's nationalities: "the French
disease"</FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff><SPAN class=953013023-20022005> and
"la maladie anglaise" respectively. </SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff><SPAN
class=953013023-20022005></SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff><SPAN
class=953013023-20022005></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial><FONT size=2>More seriously, I suppose that a major
contribution that lexicography can make to </FONT><FONT size=2>the advancement
</FONT><FONT size=2>of knowledge </FONT><FONT size=2>is to compile systematic
lists of distinctions </FONT><FONT size=2>between stereotypical beliefs
in various languages and the corresponding scientific
</FONT><FONT size=2>and </FONT><FONT size=2>mundane
realities. </FONT><SPAN class=953013023-20022005><FONT color=#0000ff
size=3> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
class=953013023-20022005></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial><SPAN class=953013023-20022005><FONT
size=2> </FONT> <FONT color=#0000ff>If this leads to mutual
understanding between peoples that would be very helpful. I think protoype
semantics can help find similarities</FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff><SPAN
class=953013023-20022005> and common ground, while componential
semantic analysis focuses more on differences. Both approaches need to
complement</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff><SPAN
class=953013023-20022005> each
other.</SPAN></FONT></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>An example: </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>If you
accept statistically significant word associations as </FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2>evidence for </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>stereotypical beliefs,
</FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>then the English <FONT face=Arial
size=2>stereotype for 'oasis' </FONT>is that oases are calm. tranquil, quiet,
and green</FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2> (evidence from the Waspbench analysis
of the British </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>Natio</FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2>nal Corpus, <A
href="http://wasps.itri.bton.ac.uk/">http://wasps.itri.bton.ac.uk/</A>).
</FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><FONT face=Arial size=2>But </FONT></FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2><FONT face=Arial size=2>my much-travelled colleague
Christiane Fellbaum tells me that in </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>reality
oases </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>are typically </FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2>noisy, smelly, dirty places full of bustling people and
honking trucks. </FONT></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>About the only
things that a stereotypical oasis in English has in </FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2>common </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>with the real thing,
it seems, is that it's found in a desert and has water!
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Patrick</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV><BR>
<br>
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