<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40" xmlns:v =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1 =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
<META content=Word.Document name=ProgId>
<META content="MSHTML 6.00.2800.1400" name=GENERATOR>
<META content="Microsoft Word 11" name=Originator><LINK
href="cid:filelist.xml@01C53568.84F35E60" rel=File-List><LINK
href="cid:editdata.mso" rel=Edit-Time-Data><!--[if !mso]>
<STYLE>v\:* {
BEHAVIOR: url(#default#VML)
}
o\:* {
BEHAVIOR: url(#default#VML)
}
w\:* {
BEHAVIOR: url(#default#VML)
}
.shape {
BEHAVIOR: url(#default#VML)
}
</STYLE>
<![endif]--><o:SmartTagType name="City"
namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:SmartTagType><o:SmartTagType
name="place"
namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:SmartTagType><o:SmartTagType
name="PersonName"
namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:SmartTagType><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:DoNotRelyOnCSS/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:SpellingState>Clean</w:SpellingState>
<w:GrammarState>Clean</w:GrammarState>
<w:DocumentKind>DocumentEmail</w:DocumentKind>
<w:EnvelopeVis/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>
</w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156">
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]>
<STYLE>st1\:* {
BEHAVIOR: url(#default#ieooui)
}
</STYLE>
<![endif]-->
<STYLE>@font-face {
font-family: Wingdings;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Tahoma;
}
@font-face {
font-family: Simplified Arabic Fixed;
}
@page Section1 {size: 8.5in 11.0in; margin: 1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin: .5in; mso-footer-margin: .5in; mso-paper-source: 0; }
P.MsoNormal {
FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-parent: ""; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"
}
LI.MsoNormal {
FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-parent: ""; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"
}
DIV.MsoNormal {
FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-parent: ""; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"
}
A:link {
COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single
}
SPAN.MsoHyperlink {
COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single
}
A:visited {
COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single
}
SPAN.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {
COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single
}
P.MsoAutoSig {
FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"
}
LI.MsoAutoSig {
FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"
}
DIV.MsoAutoSig {
FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"
}
TT {
FONT-FAMILY: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"
}
SPAN.EmailStyle18 {
COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-style-type: personal-reply; mso-style-noshow: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt
}
SPAN.SpellE {
mso-style-name: ""; mso-spl-e: yes
}
SPAN.GramE {
mso-style-name: ""; mso-gram-e: yes
}
DIV.Section1 {
page: Section1
}
OL {
MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in
}
UL {
MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in
}
</STYLE>
<!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:#0400;
mso-fareast-language:#0400;
mso-bidi-language:#0400;}
</style>
<![endif]--></HEAD>
<BODY lang=EN-US style="tab-interval: .5in" vLink=blue link=blue>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><SPAN class=843590411-31032005></SPAN>M<SPAN
class=843590411-31032005><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=3>uhammad and
Hayim,</FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=3><SPAN
class=843590411-31032005></SPAN></FONT></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=3><SPAN
class=843590411-31032005>I'd be interested in knowing how "little dog" in some
dialects of Arabic and in Hebrew respectively can
become</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=3><SPAN
class=843590411-31032005>a term of endearment when used with reference to a
person.* To what trait of a person's character does
it</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=3><SPAN
class=843590411-31032005>refer to? Faithfulness? In Southern German (Bavarian)
one can use "Hund" (dog) as a complimentary</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=3><SPAN
class=843590411-31032005>term for very smart man. The diminutive "Hundling"
becomes pejorative ( a person who acts in an</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=3><SPAN
class=843590411-31032005>underhanded way).</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=3><SPAN
class=843590411-31032005></SPAN></FONT></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=3><SPAN
class=843590411-31032005>Fritz Goerling</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=3><SPAN
class=843590411-31032005></SPAN></FONT></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=3><SPAN
class=843590411-31032005>*Or does that only apply to certain dialects of
Arabic?</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><SPAN
class=843590411-31032005></SPAN></FONT></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma><FONT size=2><SPAN
class=843590411-31032005> </SPAN><BR></DIV></FONT></FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV class=Section1>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Dear <SPAN
class=SpellE>Alkumu<SPAN
class=GramE>:si</SPAN></SPAN>,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">It is very true for
<SPAN class=GramE>Arabic,</SPAN> and in many cases for Hebrew. What is in
Arabic <SPAN class=SpellE>kulayb</SPAN> “little dog” is “<SPAN
class=SpellE>klavlav</SPAN>” in Hebrew.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">But if we speak about
Semitic languages, the suffixes there have more general meaning, the most
common long –<SPAN class=SpellE>i</SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN class=GramE><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">as</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><FONT
face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> suffix for formation
of relative adjective –<SPAN class=SpellE>hindi</SPAN>:, (Indian), <SPAN
class=SpellE>andalu:si</SPAN>: – <SPAN class=SpellE>Andalucian</SPAN>, <SPAN
class=SpellE>kurdi</SPAN>: – Kurdish, <SPAN class=SpellE>Gurdji</SPAN>: –
Georgian,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN class=SpellE><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Farandji</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><FONT
face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">: – European; <SPAN
class=SpellE>Inglezi</SPAN> – English; <SPAN class=SpellE>rusi</SPAN> –
Russian, <SPAN class=SpellE>farsi</SPAN> – Persian, <SPAN
class=SpellE>arabi</SPAN> – Arabic and Arabian, <SPAN class=SpellE>yahu<SPAN
class=GramE>:di</SPAN></SPAN>: – Jewish; <SPAN class=SpellE>nasrani</SPAN> –
Christian (because Jesus was <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Nazareth</st1:place></st1:City>)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Another way to form
the adjective in Arabic is to use the participle form, like Muslim (one who
belongs to Islamic religion; lit. one who submitted himself to
God)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">One more way is to
form an adjective: (A) – (<SPAN class=GramE>I:</SPAN>) pattern (<SPAN
class=SpellE>kabi:r</SPAN> – big, great), <SPAN class=SpellE>rahi:m</SPAN>
(merciful); <SPAN class=SpellE>kari:m</SPAN> (noble); <SPAN
class=SpellE>sagi:r</SPAN> (small, young).<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">There is a parallel
for <SPAN class=SpellE>rahi<SPAN class=GramE>:m</SPAN></SPAN> – <SPAN
class=SpellE>rahma:n</SPAN> (it occurs already in the first <SPAN
class=SpellE>sura</SPAN> of Koran), so –<SPAN class=SpellE>a:n</SPAN> is
another suffix. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">I would say that use
suffixes for formation of pejorative or endearing meanings in unproductive in
Semitic languages. Those are expressed by different
means.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoAutoSig><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=navy size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; mso-no-proof: yes">Pax vobiscum (ma`a
as-sala:mi),<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoAutoSig><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=navy size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: navy; mso-no-proof: yes">Hayim<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
<HR tabIndex=-1 align=center width="100%" SIZE=2>
</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Tahoma size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">From:</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT
face=Tahoma size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> mohd
hans [mailto:muhammadmh2002@yahoo.com] <BR><B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Sent:</SPAN></B> Wednesday, March 30, 2005 7:57
AM<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">To:</SPAN></B> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName><BR><B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Subject:</SPAN></B> RE: [Lexicog] Pejorative
suffixes</SPAN></FONT><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Dear Lexicolish,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">I would like to draw your attention to the facts you
all know that semantic changes and shift are language-universalish. In
Arabic deminutives appear as infixes or in other forms, and they are, like
most languages, productive. </SPAN></FONT><SPAN
style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'Simplified Arabic Fixed'"> From a diminutive
usage either an<BR>> endearing or a pejorative term can develop,
depending on the context or that particular use in some situations.Thus,
/kalb/ "a dog" is used as a name of a person "kulayb". In some dialects
of Arabic this name can be looked as a pejorative term whereas in other
dialects it's a term of endearment.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Simplified Arabic Fixed'">Thank
you for your contributions</SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Simplified Arabic Fixed'">Muhammad <BR>></SPAN><BR><BR><BR></FONT></P></DIV><![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]><![endif]><![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]><![endif]></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE>
<br>
<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
<table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
<tr bgcolor=#FFFFCC>
<td align=center><font size="-1" color=#003399><b>Yahoo! Groups Sponsor</b></font></td>
</tr>
<tr bgcolor=#FFFFFF>
<td align=center width=470><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0> <tr> <td align=center><font face=arial size=-2>ADVERTISEMENT</font><br><a href="http://us.ard.yahoo.com/SIG=129hg1hak/M=298184.6018725.7038619.3001176/D=groups/S=1709195911:HM/EXP=1112355540/A=2593423/R=0/SIG=11el9gslf/*http://www.netflix.com/Default?mqso=60190075" alt=""><img src="http://us.a1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/a/ne/netflix/22305_0205_016_b_300250_a.gif" alt="click here" width="300" height="250" border="0"></a></td></tr></table> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td><img alt="" width=1 height=1 src="http://us.adserver.yahoo.com/l?M=298184.6018725.7038619.3001176/D=groups/S=:HM/A=2593423/rand=999607530"></td></tr>
</table>
<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->
<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
<br>
<tt><hr width="500">
<b>Yahoo! Groups Links</b><br>
<ul>
<li>To visit your group on the web, go to:<br><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lexicographylist/">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lexicographylist/</a><br>
<li>To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:<br><a href="mailto:lexicographylist-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com?subject=Unsubscribe">lexicographylist-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com</a><br>
<li>Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the <a href="http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/">Yahoo! Terms of Service</a>.
</ul>
</tt>
</br>
<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->
</BODY></HTML>