<html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
<meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document>
<meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 11">
<meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 11">
<link rel=File-List href="cid:filelist.xml@01C67DC4.364A0340">
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="PostalCode"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="State"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="City"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="Street"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="address"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="PlaceType"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="PlaceName"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="place"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="PersonName"/>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:DoNotRelyOnCSS/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:SpellingState>Clean</w:SpellingState>
<w:GrammarState>Clean</w:GrammarState>
<w:DocumentKind>DocumentEmail</w:DocumentKind>
<w:EnvelopeVis/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:ApplyBreakingRules/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:UseWord2002TableStyleRules/>
</w:Compatibility>
<w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>
</w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156">
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]>
<style>
st1\:*{behavior:url(#default#ieooui) }
</style>
<![endif]-->
<style>
<!--
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;
text-underline:single;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;
text-underline:single;}
p.MsoAutoSig, li.MsoAutoSig, div.MsoAutoSig
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
span.EmailStyle17
{mso-style-type:personal-compose;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Courier New";
color:windowtext;
font-weight:normal;
font-style:normal;
text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none;
text-decoration:none;
text-line-through:none;}
span.SpellE
{mso-style-name:"";
mso-spl-e:yes;}
span.GramE
{mso-style-name:"";
mso-gram-e:yes;}
@page Section1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
-->
</style>
<!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:#0400;
mso-fareast-language:#0400;
mso-bidi-language:#0400;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:.5in'>
<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>The Arabs in
the <st1:place w:st="on">Middle East</st1:place> call all Europeans “farandji”
(sg.<span class=GramE>) ;</span> farandjiyye (pl.),<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>obviously</span></font></span><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> referring to Franks, the most
memorable for them Europeans who came<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>as</span></font></span><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> crusaders to <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Jerusalem</st1:place></st1:City> in the Middle Ages.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>It is
interesting that Ashkenazi Jews (the Jews speaking Yiddish) have similar
nickname for Sephardic Jews (Spanish and Oriental Jews) Frenk, Frenkim, while Sephardi
Jews use the nickname Vusvusim for the Ashkenazi Jews.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Vusvusim is
formed from the interrogatory particle Vus (from German “was?”) [<span
class=GramE>as</span> it frequently happens, that person who did not understand
or did not listened well, reacts with repetitive<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Vus?</span></font></span><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <span class=GramE>Vus?</span> (What? What?).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>There is also
strange nickname given to Germans by Slavic people, namely: nemtsy (those who
are deaf, having in mind that they do not know to speak their (Slavs’)
language.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Italians call
German <span class=GramE>Tedesco,</span> referring probably to Tewtons, while
Spaniards and French<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>call</span></font></span><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> them Aleman (from Latin “Alemani”,
one of Germanic tribes.)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Russian call
Ukrainians “Khokhly”, referring to the element of hair style, while
Ukrainians<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>call</span></font></span><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Russians either Moskali (those who have
their capital in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Moscow</st1:place></st1:City>)
or katsapy (etymology unclear, I think from the kind of onomatopaic verb
similar to dial. <span class=GramE>German zap-zarap (to grab).</span> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>French people
also have several nicknames in Russian culture. When they were defeated under
Napoleon in 1812, many of them were coming to Russian villages asking for piece
of bread.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“<st1:place
w:st="on">Cher</st1:place> ami, je vous prie un morceu du pain.”</span></font></span><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> (Dear friend, please give me a piece
of bread). From the first two words of this sentence the Russian concocted the
word “sheramyzhnik” – meaning wonderer, beggar; in the later
period Russian called the French “liagushatnik” (from the word
lyagushka – “frog”), because the frog is a part of French
diet, while it is abhorrent for Russians. <span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoAutoSig><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;mso-no-proof:yes'>Best regards,</span></font><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoAutoSig><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;mso-no-proof:yes'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoAutoSig><st1:PersonName w:st="on"><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-no-proof:yes'>Dr.
Hayim Y. Sheynin</span></font></st1:PersonName><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoAutoSig><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;mso-no-proof:yes'>Adjunct Professor of Jewish Literature<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoAutoSig><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on"><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-no-proof:yes'>Gratz</span></font></st1:PlaceName><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">College</st1:PlaceType></span></st1:place><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoAutoSig><st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on"><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-no-proof:yes'>7605
Old York Rd.</span></font></st1:address></st1:Street><span style='mso-no-proof:
yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoAutoSig><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-no-proof:yes'>Melrose
Park</span></font></st1:City><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'>, <st1:State
w:st="on">PA</st1:State> <st1:PostalCode w:st="on">19027</st1:PostalCode></span></st1:place><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoAutoSig><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoAutoSig><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;mso-no-proof:yes'>Tel.: 215 635-7300 x 161<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoAutoSig><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;mso-no-proof:yes'>Fax: 215 635-7320<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoAutoSig><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;mso-no-proof:yes'>email: <st1:PersonName w:st="on">hsheynin@gratz.edu</st1:PersonName><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
<br><br>
<div style="width:500px; text-align:right; margin-bottom:1px; color:#909090;">
<tt>SPONSORED LINKS</tt>
</div>
<table bgcolor=#e0ecee cellspacing="13" cellpadding="0" width=500px>
<tr valign=top>
<td style="width:25%;">
<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Science+kits&w1=Science+kits&w2=Science+education&w3=Science+kit+for+kid&w4=Cognitive+science&w5=Science+education+supply&w6=My+first+science+kit&c=6&s=145&.sig=0qmh_LxwxM-rDbioCJFS6Q">Science kits</a></tt>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;">
<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Science+education&w1=Science+kits&w2=Science+education&w3=Science+kit+for+kid&w4=Cognitive+science&w5=Science+education+supply&w6=My+first+science+kit&c=6&s=145&.sig=Excj8HDtQcq_AebnkeeGWA">Science education</a></tt>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;">
<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Science+kit+for+kid&w1=Science+kits&w2=Science+education&w3=Science+kit+for+kid&w4=Cognitive+science&w5=Science+education+supply&w6=My+first+science+kit&c=6&s=145&.sig=TKv0Pos6NUkT3-2vw9y_0g">Science kit for kid</a></tt>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td style="width:25%;">
<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Cognitive+science&w1=Science+kits&w2=Science+education&w3=Science+kit+for+kid&w4=Cognitive+science&w5=Science+education+supply&w6=My+first+science+kit&c=6&s=145&.sig=4LhN5e-euwMZLUgPOsoG9Q">Cognitive science</a></tt>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;">
<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Science+education+supply&w1=Science+kits&w2=Science+education&w3=Science+kit+for+kid&w4=Cognitive+science&w5=Science+education+supply&w6=My+first+science+kit&c=6&s=145&.sig=I_uaOJi7S2ku24m3Ad-zTQ">Science education supply</a></tt>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;">
<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=My+first+science+kit&w1=Science+kits&w2=Science+education&w3=Science+kit+for+kid&w4=Cognitive+science&w5=Science+education+supply&w6=My+first+science+kit&c=6&s=145&.sig=XpTpH51aY4wda-bBFInovQ">My first science kit</a></tt>
</td>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->
<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
<br>
<div style="text-align:center; color:#909090; width:500px;">
<hr style="border-bottom:1px; width:500px; text-align:left;">
<tt>YAHOO! GROUPS LINKS</tt>
</div>
<br>
<ul>
<tt><li type=square> Visit your group "<a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lexicographylist">lexicographylist</a>" on the web.<br> </tt>
<tt><li type=square> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:<br> <a href="mailto:lexicographylist-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com?subject=Unsubscribe">lexicographylist-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com</a><br> </tt>
<tt><li type=square> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the <a href="http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/">Yahoo! Terms of Service</a>.</tt>
</ul>
<br>
<div style="text-align:center; color:#909090; width:500px;">
<hr style="border-bottom:1px; width:500px; text-align:left;">
</div>
</br>
<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->
</body>
</html>