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<DIV>In a message dated 6/18/2006 7:08:06 A.M. Central Daylight Time,
lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com writes:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: blue 2px solid"><FONT
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=Georgia color=#000000 size=2>For
the rest of us, it is football - the beautiful
game.<BR></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Interesting to read about football/soccer. In looking for the history
of these on the Net they seem to be fairly recent, at least in modern
form. Could the idea for either of these have been learned from Native
Americans on the East Coast in the 1600's? Here is a portion of an
article I wrote about that game. The full text is found at <A
title=http://www.delawaretribeofindians.nsn.us/football.html
href="http://www.delawaretribeofindians.nsn.us/football.html">http://www.delawaretribeofindians.nsn.us/football.html</A>.</DIV>
<DIV>
<CENTER>
<H1><FONT size=4>Pahsahëman - The Lenape Indian Football Game</FONT>
</H1></CENTER>
<P>
<H3><FONT size=3>Introduction </FONT></H3>
<P>The Lenape Indians have long played a version of football which differs
markedly from the football game known to non-Indians. In the Lenape football
game, men are pitted against the women in a very rough-and-tumble game.
<P>We are giving the rules of the game which were written out by the late Nora
Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman).
<P>
<H3><FONT size=3>History of the Game</FONT> </H3>
<P>Various forms of football were played along the northeast coast of America.
Flannery (1939:187) regards football as one of "forty-three traits [which] may
be due to independent invention in the coastal Algonquian region, since they are
not characteristic of the Iroquoian, Southeastern, or Northern Algonquian
areas." Football games were also recorded for the Micmac, Abnaki, Malecite,
Massachusetts, and Narragansett (Flannery ibid.). Swanton (1928:707) also says
it is "apparently a coastal Algonquian game, not found in the Southeast except
among the Creeks."
<P>Some forms of football were played men-against-men as among the Massachuset
in 1634, reported by William Wood (Culin 1901:698). In a number of cases the
text does not indicate whether the teams were composed of men only, or
men-versus-women. A good example is the following brief account by Roger
Williams who wrote about "pasuckquakohowauog," which he translates as "they meet
to foot-ball." He says:
<P>"They have great meetings of foot-balle playing, only in summer, town against
town, upon some broad sandy shore, free from stone, or upon some soft heathie
plot, because of their naked feet, at which they have great stakings, but seldom
quarrel." (Williams 1643: 146)
<P>In 1656, Daniel Denton wrote, "Their Recreations are chiefly Foot-ball and
Cards, at which they will play away all they have, excepting a Flap to cover
their nakedness." (Denton 1670:7).
<P>Unfortunately Denton uses the term "Indians" to describe any and all tribes
he met in the area, so we cannot be certain whether the game was used by groups
of the Munsee Delawares, or Montauk farther east on Long Island, or both.
However, this does tell us that a form of a football game was being played by
Delawares or closely related tribes living just north and east of the main body
of Lenape at least as early as 1656.
<P>At the Jamestown settlement in Virginia, we find an account of the football
game by Henry Spelman. He was captured and raised by the Indians for two years
(1609-1610) and later served as interpreter for the colony. In his account of
the game, he says:
<P>They [the Virginia Indians] use beside football play, which wemen and young
boyes doe much play at. The men never. They make ther Gooles as ours only they
never fight nor pull one another doune (Arber 1910: CXIV). [His comment, "The
men never," frequently applies to the game today as most of the male players are
older boys and young men.]
<P>Another account written about 1610 from the same area reads:
<P>Likewise they have the exercise of football, in which they only forcibly
encounter with the foot to carry the ball the one from the other, and spurned it
to the goal with a kind of dexterity and swift footmanship, which is the honour
of it; but they never strike up one another's heels, as we do, not accompting
that praiseworthy to purchase a goal by such as advantage (Strachey:77). </P>
<P>Jim Rementer</P></DIV></DIV></FONT>
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