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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Jan, I was startled recently to discover that
Cheyenne students (they are adult speakers of the language) locate Cheyenne
words in the printed form of the dictionary (same content as the online
dictionary) by going to the English-Cheyenne index at the back of the book. And
it's not full enough for best dictionary usage, as you note.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Wayne</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>-----<BR>Wayne Leman<BR>Cheyenne dictionary
online:<BR><A
href="http://www11.asphost4free.com/cheyennedictionary/default.htm">http://www11.asphost4free.com/cheyennedictionary/default.htm</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>Dear Mike Cahill<O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>> The other major thing I wanted to
mention is the output. <O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>> It's possible to do a reverse gloss,
an index. A lot<BR>> of dictionaries I've seen have the format
Boko-English, where as you say,<BR>> the Boko is the head word, with
explication in English. But there's also a<O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>> "finder index", giving an English
word (gloss) and then a pointer to the<O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>> fuller Boko entry. That's what's
possible in the current FieldWorks.<O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>I haven't looked at FieldWorks yet but
from Clair's review and your explanation above it seems that the "finder
index" isn't an improvement of the Toolbox feature.<O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>Clair is right that endangered languages
need dictionaries that have both sections, that is Language-English and
English-Language. And the English section should be more than just a finder
index. The experience shows that many native people who want to re-learn their
ancestral language don't take the pains in referring to the front section.
Instead they simply use the word they find in the finder index in whichever
way they feel it is appropriate (i.e. without studying the usage
rules).</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>Moreover, as you know, it is very
frequently the case that for a single English word there are multiple lexemes
used in the other language, often with subtle meaning differences. In Lakota
there are dozens of words for 'come', 'go', 'bring', 'take'. Listing these in
a finder index just makes the student overwhelmed and does not encourage
him/her to refer to the ten or fifteen listed lexemes in the front section
where meaning and usage are explained in detail. <O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>Most of the modern languages have student
dictionaries with both sections being full-fledged dictionaries of their own,
with detailed information on meaning and usage. This is probably more than
most endangered languages can hope for, but it would be very helpful if we
could at least provide a finder index with a comment for each word, for
instance:<O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>come:<SPAN
class=456531406-06092006> -- </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US>vi.<SPAN class=456531406-06092006> </SPAN>hi <EM>(to have come
here)</EM>, u <EM>(to be coming here)</EM>, gli <EM>(to have come back
here)</EM>, ku <EM>(to be coming back here)</EM>; hiyu <EM>(to start
coming)<O></O></EM></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
class=456531406-06092006> -- </SPAN>vcol.<SPAN
class=456531406-06092006> </SPAN>ahi <EM>(they all have come here)</EM>, au
<EM>(they all are coming here)</EM>, agli <EM>(they all have come back
here)</EM>, aku <EM>(they all are coming back here)</EM>; ahiyu <EM>(they all
start <SPAN
class=456531406-06092006> </SPAN>coming)<O></O></EM></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>In our current work on the Lakota language
dictionary we are hoping to provide such Lakota section, which would be fuller
then just a finder index. But Toolbox does not help to automate the process
(at least partly) or provide a database structure that would support this type
of output.<O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>I hope this helps to clarify the needs of
endangered languages. Many thanks to SIL team for the lexicography
tools.<O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Jan<O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Jan
Ullrich<O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Lakota Language
Consortium<O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><A
href="http://www.lakhota.org/">www.lakhota.<WBR>org</A><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O></O></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN> </P>
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